Synergistic interaction between exercise and insulin on peripheral glucose uptake.
Open accessAbstract
The interaction of exercise and insulin on glucose metabolism was examined in 10 healthy volunteers. Four study protocols were used: study 1: plasma insulin was raised by approximately 100 microunits/ml while plasma glucose was maintained at basal levels for 2 h (insulin clamp). Study 2: subjects performed 30 min of bicycle exercise at 40% of VO2 max. Study 3: an insulin clamp was performed as per study 1. Following 60 min of sustained hyperinsulinemia, however, subjects exercised for 30 min as per study 2. Study 4: subjects were studied as per study 3 except that catheters were inserted into the femoral artery and vein to quantitate leg glucose uptake. During the 60-90 min period of hyperinsulinemia (study 1), glucose uptake averaged 8.73 +/- 0.10 mg/kg per min. With exercise alone (study 2), the increment in peripheral glucose uptake was 1.43 +/- 0.30 mg/kg per min. When hyperinsulinemia and exercise were combined (study 3), glucose uptake averaged 15.06 +/- 0.98 mg/kg per min (P less than 0.01) and this was significantly (P less than 0.001) greater than the sum of glucose uptake when exercise and the insulin clamp were performed separately. The magnitude of rise in glucose uptake correlated closely with the increase in leg blood flow (r = 0.935, P less than 0.001), suggesting that the synergism is the result of increased blood flow and increased capillary surface area to exercising muscle. More than 85% of total body glucose metabolism during studies 1 and 3 was accounted for by skeletal muscle uptake. These results demonstrate that (a) insulin and exercise act synergistically to enhance glucose disposal in man, and (b) muscle is the primary tissue responsible for the increase in glucose metabolism following hyperinsulinemia and exercise.
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Skeletal muscle is responsible for around 80% of insulin-stimulated glucose disposal.
“Skeletal muscle is responsible for around 80% of insulin-stimulated glucose disposal [23-25]; therefore, responsiveness to insulin in this tissue is important for regulating whole-body insulin sensitivity.”
From AMPK and Exercise: Glucose Uptake and Insulin Sensitivity (2013) · cites this paper as [24]
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- Authors
- DeFronzo, R. A., Ferrannini, E., Sato, Y., Felig, P., & Wahren, J.
- Affiliations
- Yale New Haven Hospital (US)
- University of Pisa (IT)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 1981-12-01
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1468-1474
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC370949
- OpenAlex
- W2122953585
- Cited by
- 415
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 8.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01am013526-16)
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- physical activity, insulin, glucose uptake, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, skeletal muscle glucose metabolism, leg blood flow, capillary surface area, glucose disposal
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Physical Exertion, Glucose, Humans, Hyperinsulinism, Infusions, Parenteral, Insulin, Leg, Male, Muscles, Regional Blood Flow, Time Factors
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