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Cited by 202Sleep and Wakefulness ResearchDiabetes Management and ResearchAdvanced MRI Techniques and Applications

Diminished brain glucose metabolism is a significant determinant for falling rates of systemic glucose utilization during sleep in normal humans.

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Boyle, P J, Scott, J C, Krentz, A J, Nagy, R J, Comstock, E, Hoffman, C·1994·Journal of Clinical Investigation
DOI 10.1172/jci117003PMC PMC293874
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Abstract

Systemic glucose utilization declines during sleep in man. We tested the hypothesis that this decline in utilization is largely accounted for by reduced brain glucose metabolism. 10 normal subjects underwent internal jugular and radial artery cannulation to determine cerebral blood flow by N2O equilibrium technique and to quantitate cross-brain glucose and oxygen differences before and every 3 h during sleep. Sleep stage was graded by continuous electroencephalogram, and systemic glucose turnover was estimated by isotope dilution. Brain glucose metabolism fell from 33.6 +/- 2.2 mumol/100 g per min (mean +/- SE) before sleep (2300 h) to a mean nadir of 24.3 +/- 1.1 mumol/100 g per min at 0300 h during sleep (P = 0.001). Corresponding rates of systemic glucose utilization fell from 13.2 +/- 0.8 to 11.0 +/- 0.5 mumol/kg per min (P = 0.003). Diminished brain glucose metabolism was the product of a reduced arteriovenous glucose difference, 0.643 +/- 0.024 to 0.546 +/- 0.020 mmol/liter (P = 0.002), and cerebral blood flow, 50.3 +/- 2.8 to 44.6 +/- 1.4 cc/100 g per min (P = 0.021). Brain oxygen metabolism fell commensurately from 153.4 +/- 11.8 to 128.0 +/- 8.4 mumol/100 g per min (P = 0.045). The observed reduction in brain metabolism occurred independent of stage of central nervous system electrical activity (electroencephalographic data), and was more closely linked to duration of sleep. We conclude that a decline in brain glucose metabolism is a significant determinant of falling rates of systemic glucose utilization during sleep.

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  • Aerobic glycolysis (AG), the non-oxidative metabolism of glucose despite abundant oxygen, accounts for approximately 10-12% of the glucose consumed by the normal adult human brain.

    “Aerobic glycolysis (AG), i.e., non-oxidative metabolism of glucose despite the presence of abundant oxygen, accounts for 10–12% of glucose used by the adult human brain.”

    From Aerobic glycolysis in the human brain is associated with development and neotenous gene expression (2014) · cites this paper as Boyle et al., 1994

    The Results report an oxygen-to-glucose metabolism ratio of 5.33 during sleep, consistent with roughly 11% of glucose not being oxidized if complete oxidation requires a ratio of 6. But the presleep ratio was 4.85, and the paper does not state that aerobic glycolysis generally accounts for 10–12% of glucose use in the adult human brain. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Slow wave sleep results in a 30-40% decrease in cerebral glucose metabolism relative to waking or REM sleep.

    “SWS, which is particularly abundant at the beginning of the sleep period, has been shown to result in a 30–40% decrease in cerebral glucose metabolism relative to waking or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep [12].”

    From Sleep and metabolic function (2012) · cites this paper as [12]

  • In adult studies, plasma glucose rises in N3 sleep.

    “In adult studies, cerebral glucose utilization declines (7) and plasma glucose rises (8) in N3 sleep.”

    From Sleep architecture and glucose and insulin homeostasis in obese adolescents (2011) · cites this paper as [8]

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Cites

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1 of the 47 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Ashmore, J., and D. Morgan. 1967. Metabolic effects ofadrenal glucocor- ticoid hormones. In The Adrenal Cortex. A. B. Eisenstein, editor. Little, Brown and Company, Boston. pp. 249-267.
  2. Siesjo, B. K. 1978. Utilization of substrates of brain tissues. In Brain Energy Metabolism. Wiley, NY. pp. 1-20.

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Authors
Boyle, P. J., Scott, J. C., Krentz, A. J., Nagy, R. J., Comstock, E., & Hoffman, C.
Affiliations
University of New Mexico (US)
ORCID
Krentz, A J
Venue
Journal of Clinical Investigation
Publisher
American Society for Clinical Investigation
Published
1994-02-01
Volume
93
Issue
2
Pages
529-535
ISSN
0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1172/jci117003
PMC
PMC293874
OpenAlex
W2168937351
Cited by
202
References
47
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 13
FWCI
2.15
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • American Diabetes Association
  • National Center for Research Resources (5 M01 RR00997-15, M01RR000997)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
Keywords
brain glucose metabolism, sleep, cerebral blood flow, cerebral oxygen consumption, arteriovenous glucose difference, sleep stages, glucose turnover, sleep duration
MeSH terms
Activity Cycles, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Blood Glucose, Brain, C-Peptide, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Electroencephalography, Female, Glucagon, Glucose, Humans, Insulin, Male, Oxygen Consumption, Reference Values, Regional Blood Flow, Sleep, Sleep Stages, Growth Hormone

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