Rapid eye movement sleep in relation to overweight in children and adolescents
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CONTEXT: Short sleep duration is associated with obesity, but few studies have examined the relationship between obesity and specific physiological stages of sleep. OBJECTIVE: To examine specific sleep stages, including rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and stages 1 through 4 of non-REM sleep, in relation to overweight in children and adolescents. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A total of 335 children and adolescents (55.2% male; aged 7-17 years) underwent 3 consecutive nights of standard polysomnography and weight and height assessments as part of a study on the development of internalizing disorders (depression and anxiety). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) z score and weight status (normal, at risk for overweight, overweight) according to the body mass index percentile for age and sex. RESULTS: The body mass index z score was significantly related to total sleep time (beta = -0.174), sleep efficiency (beta = -0.027), and REM density (beta = -0.256). Compared with normal-weight children, overweight children slept about 22 minutes less and had lower sleep efficiency, shorter REM sleep, lower REM activity and density, and longer latency to the first REM period. After adjustment for demographics, pubertal status, and psychiatric diagnosis, 1 hour less of total sleep was associated with approximately 2-fold increased odds of overweight (odds ratio = 1.85), 1 hour less of REM sleep was associated with about 3-fold increased odds (odds ratio = 2.91), and REM density and activity below the median increased the odds of overweight by 2-fold (odds ratio = 2.18) and 3-fold (odds ratio = 3.32), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm previous epidemiological observations that short sleep time is associated with overweight in children and adolescents. A core aspect of the association between short sleep duration and overweight may be attributed to reduced REM sleep. Further studies are needed to investigate possible mechanisms underpinning the association between diminished REM sleep and endocrine and metabolic changes that may contribute to obesity.
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One pediatric study found a negative association between REM sleep duration and obesity.
“One pediatric study found a negative association between REM sleep duration and obesity (9)”
From Sleep architecture and glucose and insulin homeostasis in obese adolescents (2011) · cites this paper as [9]
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- Authors
- Liu, X., Forbes, E. E., Ryan, N. D., Rofey, D., Hannon, T. S., & Dahl, R. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Venue
- Archives of General Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2008-08-04
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 924
- ISSN
- 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2729137
- OpenAlex
- W2023103882
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 11.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (P01MH041712, P01 MH 41712)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- REM sleep, REM sleep density, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, childhood obesity, adolescent overweight, body mass index, sleep deprivation, pubertal stage
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Reference Values, Sleep Deprivation, Sleep Stages, Sleep, REM, Comorbidity, Body Mass Index, Odds Ratio, Polysomnography, Overweight
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