The drought of Amazonia in 2005.
Open accessAbstract
In 2005, large sections of southwestern Amazonia experienced one of the most intense droughts of the last hundred years. The drought severely affected human population along the main channel of the Amazon River and its western and southwestern tributaries, the Solimões (also known as the Amazon River in the other Amazon countries) and the Madeira Rivers, respectively. The river levels fell to historic low levels and navigation along these rivers had to be suspended. The drought did not affect central or eastern Amazonia, a pattern different from the El Niño–related droughts in 1926, 1983, and 1998. The choice of rainfall data used influenced the detection of the drought. While most datasets (station or gridded data) showed negative departures from mean rainfall, one dataset exhibited above-normal rainfall in western Amazonia. The causes of the drought were not related to El Niño but to (i) the anomalously warm tropical North Atlantic, (ii) the reduced intensity in northeast trade wind moisture transport into southern Amazonia during the peak summertime season, and (iii) the weakened upward motion over this section of Amazonia, resulting in reduced convective development and rainfall. The drought conditions were intensified during the dry season into September 2005 when humidity was lower than normal and air temperatures were 3°–5°C warmer than normal. Because of the extended dry season in the region, forest fires affected part of southwestern Amazonia. Rains returned in October 2005 and generated flooding after February 2006.
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The two record droughts of 2005 and 2010 were regarded as once-in-a-century climate extremes at the times of their occurrences and were linked to anomalous SSTs in the tropical Atlantic.
“The two record droughts of 2005 and 2010 were regarded as “once in a century” climate extremes at the times of their occurrences and were linked to anomalous SSTs in the tropical Atlantic (Figure 1; Marengo et al., 2008;Zeng et al., 2008;Lewis et al., 2011).”
From The tropical atlantic observing system (2019) · cites this paper as Marengo et al., 2008
The Discussion and conclusions (section 6; page unavailable) describe the 2005 drought in southwestern Amazonia as possibly among the most severe in at least 100 years. The Introduction (section 1) links that drought to anomalously warm tropical North Atlantic SSTs. This 2008 paper does not address the 2010 drought, so it cannot support the claim about both events. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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Self-citationContrasting regional discharge evolutions in the Amazon basin (1974–2004)
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Downscaling of South America present climate driven by 4-member HadCM3 runs
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Self-citationWidespread Amazon forest tree mortality from a single cross‐basin squall line event
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Characteristics of Amazonian climate: Main features
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Fire, climate change and biodiversity in Amazonia: a Late-Holocene perspective
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Contrasting patterns of the extreme drought episodes of 2005, 2010 and 2015 in the Amazon Basin
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Recent Extremes of Drought and Flooding in Amazonia: Vulnerabilities and Human Adaptation
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Self-citationReserves Protect against Deforestation Fires in the Amazon
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A deforestation-induced tipping point for the South American monsoon system
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Marengo, J. A., Jimenez, J. C., Espinoza, J.-C., Cunha, A. P., & Aragão, L. E. O. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-04241-4 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
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Self-citationMoisture source for the Amazon Basin: a study of contrasting years
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Surface freshwater storage and dynamics in the Amazon basin during the 2005 exceptional drought
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Global trends and patterns of drought from space
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Slowdown of the greening trend in natural vegetation with further rise in atmospheric CO 2
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Seed dispersal by fishes in tropical and temperate fresh waters: The growing evidence
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Simulating fire regimes in the Amazon in response to climate change and deforestation
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The tropical atlantic observing system
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Dynamics of forest fires in the southwestern Amazon
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THE SOUTH AMERICAN MONSOON SYSTEM
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Slash-burn-and-churn: Landscape history and crop cultivation in pre-Columbian Amazonia
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- Authors
- Marengo, J. A., Nobre, C. A., Tomasella, J., Oyama, M. D., Sampaio de Oliveira, G., de Oliveira, R., Camargo, H., Alves, L. M., & Brown, I. F.
- Affiliations
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (BR)
- Instituto de Aeronáutica e Espaço (BR)
- CPTEC/INPE, Cachoeira Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, and Zoobotanical Park, Federal University of Acre, Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
- Venue
- Journal of Climate
- Publisher
- American Meteorological Society
- Published
- 2008-02-01
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 495-516
- ISSN
- 0894-8755 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-0442
- OpenAlex
- W2084767784
- Cited by
- 725
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 46
- FWCI
- 39.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Climate (publishedVersion)
- Biblioteca Digital da Memória Científica do INPE (National Institute for Space Research) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Northwestern University
- University of Oxford
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (01/13816-1)
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Hydrology and Drought Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Keywords
- southwestern Amazon, Amazon River, Madeira River, Solimões River, El Niño, North Atlantic warming, convective precipitation, forest fires, floods
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