Helping Depressed Clients Reconnect to Positive Emotion Experience: Current Insights and Future Directions

Dunn, Barnaby D.

doi:10.1002/cpp.1799

Cited by 168Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychotherapy Techniques and ApplicationsPsychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction

Helping Depressed Clients Reconnect to Positive Emotion Experience: Current Insights and Future Directions

Dunn, Barnaby D.·2012·Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy

DOI 10.1002/cpp.1799

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Abstract

A deficit in the ability to experience pleasure (anhedonia) is one of the core symptoms of depression. However, therapy to date has predominantly focused on understanding elevations in negative emotion experience in depression and relatively neglected ways to reconnect individuals to positive experience. This article reviews current insights into blunted positivity in depression, evaluating evidence that depression leads to disturbances in anticipation (positive emotion experience when approaching a goal or a rewarding stimulus) and consummation (positive emotion experience when attaining a goal or rewarding stimulus), as well as impaired positive emotion recognition. The case is made that existing treatments are only partially effective and that therapy outcomes are likely to be improved by focusing on augmenting positivity, capitalizing on emerging insights from positive affective neuroscience. Existing and emerging therapeutic techniques that may aid the promotion of positivity are critiqued, and some suggestions for future research and clinical practice are outlined. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key Practitioner Message: To improve depression treatment outcomes, it is important to focus on promoting positive affect in addition to reducing negative affect. Existing therapeutic elements (including activation scheduling, positive data logs, mindfulness, positive psychology and narrative therapy techniques) and novel experimental approaches (e.g., computerized bias modification, imagery, compassion and memory elaboration techniques) all show promise for building positive affect in depression. However, to maximize the potential of these techniques, a clearer understanding of the underlying mechanisms through which they act to influence positive affect is needed. Moreover, it is important to not over‐emphasize positive affect repair in therapy, as this could be experienced as invalidating by clients and lead to the adoption of inflexible emotion regulation strategies.

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The positive affect system may serve as an important yet underexplored target in facilitating recovery from anxiety and depression.
“However, accumulating research suggests that the positive affect system may serve as an important yet underexplored target in facilitating recovery from anxiety and depression9, 19–21.”
From Upregulating the positive affect system in anxiety and depression: Outcomes of a positive activity intervention: <scp>Taylor et al.</scp> (2017) · cites this paper as [19]
The benefits of positive emotions and their potential clinical utility for psychopathology are increasingly well-documented.
“The benefits of positive emotions9, 10 and their potential clinical utility for psychopathology19–21 are increasingly well-documented.”
From Upregulating the positive affect system in anxiety and depression: Outcomes of a positive activity intervention: <scp>Taylor et al.</scp> (2017) · cites this paper as [19]

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Positive Imagery-Based Cognitive Bias Modification as a Web-Based Treatment Tool for Depressed Adults
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Association Between Systemic Inflammation and Individual Symptoms of Depression: A Pooled Analysis of 15 Population-Based Cohort Studies
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Authors: Dunn, B. D.
Affiliations: MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit (GB)
Corresponding author: Dunn, Barnaby D.
ORCID: Dunn, Barnaby D.
Venue: Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2012-06-05
Volume: 19
Issue: 4
Pages: 326-340
ISSN: 1063-3995 (ISSN-L)
1099-0879
DOI: 10.1002/cpp.1799
OpenAlex: W1922700928
Cited by: 168
References: 170
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 1.08
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Johns Hopkins University
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Keywords: depression, anhedonia, positive emotions, anticipation, consummation, mindfulness, positive psychology, narrative therapy, imagery, compassion, memory elaboration, emotion regulation, invalidation
MeSH terms: Cues, Depressive Disorder, Emotions, Forecasting, Humans, Internal-External Control, Interpersonal Relations, Reward, Social Perception, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Anticipation, Psychological, Anhedonia

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Helping Depressed Clients Reconnect to Positive Emotion Experience: Current Insights and Future Directions

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