Enhanced suppression of cortisol following dexamethasone administration in posttraumatic stress disorder
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The authors investigated the possibility of enhanced negative feedback sensitivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by using a low dose of dexamethasone. METHOD: Baseline blood samples were obtained at 8:00 a.m., and 0.5 mg of dexamethasone was administered to 21 male patients with PTSD and 12 normal age-comparable men at 11:00 p.m. Cortisol and dexamethasone levels were measured 9 and 17 hours after dexamethasone administration. RESULTS: After correction for differences in dexamethasone levels, the PTSD patients showed greater suppression of cortisol in response to dexamethasone than did the normal subjects. This was true even in patients meeting concurrent diagnostic criteria for major depression. CONCLUSIONS: The data support earlier studies showing that HPA abnormalities in PTSD are different from those seen in depression and suggest that the low-dose dexamethasone suppression test may be a potentially useful tool for differentiating the two syndromes and further exploring differences in their pathophysiology.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Enhanced ASR has been reliably observed in patients with PTSD.
“Enhanced ASR and HPA-negative feedback have been reliably observed in patients with PTSD (Shalev et al, 1992;Yehuda et al, 1993;Orr et al, 1997).”
From Cannabinoids prevent the development of behavioral and endocrine alterations in a rat model of intense stress (2012) · cites this paper as Yehuda et al, 1993
Enhanced HPA-negative feedback has been reliably observed in patients with PTSD.
“Enhanced ASR and HPA-negative feedback have been reliably observed in patients with PTSD (Shalev et al, 1992;Yehuda et al, 1993;Orr et al, 1997).”
From Cannabinoids prevent the development of behavioral and endocrine alterations in a rat model of intense stress (2012) · cites this paper as Yehuda et al, 1993
Cites
Hamilton, M. (1960) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 · Cited by 32,817 · see citing works
Keane, T. M., Caddell, J. M., & Taylor, K. L. (1988) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.56.1.85 · Cited by 1,323 · see citing works
Keane, T. M., Caddell, J. M., & Taylor, K. L. (1988) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.56.1.85 · Cited by 1,017 · see citing works
Low Urinary Cortisol Excretion in Patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Yehuda, R., Southwick, S. M., Nussbaum, G., Wahby, V. S., Giller, E. L., & Mason, J. W. (1990) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199006000-00004 · Cited by 528 · see citing works
Self-citationTreatment of Depression: Old Controversies and New Approaches
Hansen, M. R. (1983) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(83)73115-4 · Cited by 478 · see citing works
Urinary Free-Cortisol Levels in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Patients
MASON, J. W., GILLER, E. L., KOSTEN, T. R., OSTROFF, R. B., & PODD, L. (1986) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-198603000-00003 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
Self-citationHypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal dysfunction in posttraumatic stress disorder
Yehuda, R., Giller, E. L., Southwick, S. M., Lowy, M. T., & Mason, J. W. (1991) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(91)90123-4 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Self-citationPitman, R. K., & Orr, S. P. (1990) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(90)90654-k · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Lymphocyte glucocorticoid receptor number in posttraumatic stress disorder
Yehuda, R., Lowy, M. T., Southwick, S. M., Shaffer, D. R., & Giller, E. L. (1991) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.148.4.499 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Self-citationThe corticotropin-releasing hormone test in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder
Smith, M. A., Davidson, J. R. T., Ritchie, J., Kudler, H. S., Lipper, S., Chappell, P. B., & Nemeroff, C. B. (1989) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(89)90050-4 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
MEIKLE, A. W. (1982) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1982.tb00733.x · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Kosten, T. R., Wahby, V. S., Giller, E. L., & Mason, J. W. (1990) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(90)90452-8 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-citationKawai, S., Ichikawa, Y., & Homma, M. (1985) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-60-5-848 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Dexamethasone bioavailability: Implications for DST research
Lowy, M. T., & Meltzer, H. Y. (1987) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(87)90155-7 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Halbreich, U. M., Olympia, J., Carson, S., Glogowski, J., Yeh, C., Axelrod, S., & Desu, M. M. (1989) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/0306-4530(89)90006-1 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
The DST and posttraumatic stress disorder
Kudler, H. S., Davidson, J. R. T., Meador, K., Lipper, S., & Ely, T. D. (1987) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.144.8.1068 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Characterization of depression in war-related posttraumatic stress disorder
Southwick, S. M., Yehuda, R., & Giller, E. L. (1991) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.148.2.179 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationAffective disorders, DST, and treatment in PTSD patients: Clinical observations
Olivera, A. A., & Fero, D. (1990) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.2490030309 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Liver function, plasma dexamethasone, and DST results in detoxified alcoholics
Carson, S. W., Halbreich, U. M., Yeh, C., & Galanter, M. S. (1989) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90163-7 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Miller, G. E., Chen, E., & Zhou, E. S. (2007) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.25 · Cited by 2,467 · see citing works
Glucocorticoids and Hippocampal Atrophy in Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Sapolsky, R. M. (2000) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.10.925 · Cited by 2,016 · see citing works
The potential role of hypocortisolism in the pathophysiology of stress-related bodily disorders
Heim, C., Ehlert, U., & Hellhammer, D. H. (2000) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(99)00035-9 · Cited by 1,688 · see citing works
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Yehuda, R. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra012941 · Cited by 1,134 · see citing works
Self-citationGlucocorticoids, prenatal stress and the programming of disease
Harris, A., & Seckl, J. (2011) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.06.007 · Cited by 871 · see citing works
Elevated CSF corticotropin-releasing factor concentrations in posttraumatic stress disorder
(1997) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.154.5.624 · Cited by 721 · see citing works
Self-citationBremner, J. D. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00009-8 · Cited by 703 · see citing works
Self-citationPosttraumatic stress disorder: a state-of-the-science review
Nemeroff, C. B., Bremner, J. D., Foa, E. B., Mayberg, H. S., North, C. S., & Stein, M. B. (2006) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.07.005 · Cited by 675 · see citing works
Self-citationCortisol and post-traumatic stress disorder in adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Meewisse, M.-L., Reitsma, J. B., De Vries, G.-J., Gersons, B. P. R., & Olff, M. (2007) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.106.024877 · Cited by 661 · see citing works
Yehuda, R., & McFARLANE, A. C. (1995) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.152.12.1705 · Cited by 659 · see citing works
Self-citationYehuda, R., Teicher, M. H., Trestman, R. L., Levengood, R. A., & Siever, L. J. (1996) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00451-3 · Cited by 653 · see citing works
Self-citationCorticosteroids in relation to fear, anxiety and psychopathology
Korte, S. M. (2001) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(01)00002-1 · Cited by 607 · see citing works
Stress-restress: Effects on ACTH and fast feedback
Liberzon, I., Krstov, M., & Young, E. A. (1997) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(97)00044-9 · Cited by 556 · see citing works
Current status of cortisol findings in post-traumatic stress disorder
Yehuda, R. (2002) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(02)00002-3 · Cited by 511 · see citing works
Self-citationde Kloet, C. S., Vermetten, E., Geuze, E., Kavelaars, A., Heijnen, C. J., & Westenberg, H. G. M. (2006) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.08.002 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Heim, C., & Nemeroff, C. B. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00224-3 · Cited by 502 · see citing works
Low urinary cortisol excretion in Holocaust survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder
(1995) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.152.7.982 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Self-citationPost-traumatic stress disorder: clinical and translational neuroscience from cells to circuits
Ressler, K. J., Berretta, S., Bolshakov, V. Y., Rosso, I. M., Meloni, E. G., Rauch, S. L., & Carlezon, W. A. (2022) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-022-00635-8 · Cited by 531 · see citing works
Morris, M. C., Compas, B. E., & Garber, J. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.02.002 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Context Processing and the Neurobiology of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Liberzon, I., & Abelson, J. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.09.039 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Yehuda, R. (1995) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950190065010 · Cited by 449 · see citing works
Self-citationHow the Neurocircuitry and Genetics of Fear Inhibition May Inform Our Understanding of PTSD
Jovanović, T., & Ressler, K. J. (2010) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09071074 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Stress: a risk factor for serious illness
VanItallie, T. B. (2002) · Metabolism · doi:10.1053/meta.2002.33191 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
Status of Glucocorticoid Alterations in Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder
Yehuda, R. (2009) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04979.x · Cited by 409 · see citing works
Self-citationRohleder, N., Joksimovic, L., Wolf, J. M., & Kirschbaum, C. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.11.018 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Neurobiology of BDNF in fear memory, sensitivity to stress, and stress-related disorders
Notaras, M. J., & van den Buuse, M. (2020) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0639-2 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Early Environment, Emotions, Responses to Stress, and Health
Taylor, S. E., Lerner, J. S., Sage, R. M., Lehman, B. J., & Seeman, T. E. (2004) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00300.x · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Shea, A., Walsh, C., MacMillan, H., & Steiner, M. (2005) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2004.07.001 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Structural and functional plasticity of the human brain in posttraumatic stress disorder
Bremner, J. D., Elzinga, B. M., Schmahl, C. G., & Vermetten, E. H. G. J. M. (2007) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(07)67012-5 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Self-citationStein, M. B., Yehuda, R., Koverola, C., & Hanna, C. (1997) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(96)00489-1 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Self-citationAdvances in Understanding Neuroendocrine Alterations in PTSD and Their Therapeutic Implications
YEHUDA, R. (2006) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1364.012 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Self-citationHigher cortisol levels following exposure to traumatic reminders in abuse-related PTSD
Elzinga, B. M., Schmahl, C. G., Vermetten, E., van Dyck, R., & Bremner, J. D. (2003) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300226 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Self-citationAbuse-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Evidence for Chronic Neuroendocrine Activation in Women
Lemieux, A. M., & Coe, C. L. (1995) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199503000-00002 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Goenjian, A. K., Yehuda, R., Pynoos, R. S., Steinberg, A. M., Tashjian, M., Yang, R., Najarian, L. M., & Fairbanks, L. A. (1996) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.153.7.929 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Self-citationBremner, J. D., Vythilingam, M., Vermetten, E. H. G. J. M., Adil, J., Khan, S., Nazeer, A., Afzal, N., McGlashan, T. H., Elzinga, B. M., Anderson, G. M., et al. (2003) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(02)00067-7 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Self-citationHeim, C., Ehlert, U., Hanker, J. P., & Hellhammer, D. H. (1998) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199805000-00017 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Liberzon, López, Flagel, Vázquez, & Young (1999) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2826.1999.00288.x · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Neuroimaging findings in post-traumatic stress disorder. Systematic review.
Hull, A. M. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Zoladz, P. R., & Diamond, D. M. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.03.024 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Single prolonged stress: toward an animal model of posttraumatic stress disorder
Yamamoto, S., Morinobu, S., Takei, S., Fuchikami, M., Matsuki, A., Yamawaki, S., & Liberzon, I. (2009) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20629 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Criteria for rationally evaluating animal models of postraumatic stress disorder
Yehuda, R., & Antelman, S. M. (1993) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(93)90001-t · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Self-citationBremner, J. D. (1997) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830150070011 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Self-citationA robust animal model of state anxiety: fear-potentiated behaviour in the elevated plus-maze
Korte, S. M., & de Boer, S. F. (2003) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(03)01279-2 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
van Reeth, O., Weibel, L., Spiegel, K., Leproult, R., Dugovic, C., & Maccari, S. (2000) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1053/smrv.1999.0097 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Neuroendocrine and Psychophysiologic Responses in PTSD: A Symptom Provocation Study
Liberzon, I. (1999) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(98)00128-6 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Neuroanatomical circuits modulating fear and anxiety behaviors
Charney, D. S. (2003) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0447.108.s417.3.x · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Self-citationNicolson, N. A. (2008) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781412976244.n3 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Psychological assessment of adult posttraumatic states.
Briere, J. (1997) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10267-000 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Rinne, T., de Kloet, E. R., Wouters, L., Goekoop, J. G., DeRijk, R. H., & van den Brink, W. (2002) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01395-1 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Brunello, N., Davidson, J. R. T., Deahl, M., Kessler, R. C., MENDLEWICZ, J., Racagni, G., Shalev, A. Y., & Zohar, J. (2001) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000054884 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid receptor number and cortisol excretion in mood, anxiety, and psychotic disorders
Yehuda, R., Boisoneau, D., Mason, J. W., & Giller, E. L. (1993) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(93)90252-9 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Self-citationKohda, K., Harada, K., Kato, K., Hoshino, A., Motohashi, J., Yamaji, T., Morinobu, S., Matsuoka, N., & Kato, N. (2007) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.05.041 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Sensitization of the Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Adrenal Axis in Posttraumatic Stress Disordera
Yehuda, R. (1997) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48269.x · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Self-citationLong-term effects of childhood abuse on brain and neurobiology
Bremner, J. D. (2003) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1056-4993(02)00098-6 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Self-citationThe hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in PTSD: Pathophysiology and treatment interventions
Dunlop, B. W., & Wong, A. (2018) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.10.010 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Buske-Kirschbaum, A., Geiben, A. C., Höllig, H., Morschhäuser, E., & Hellhammer, D. H. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2001-010872 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Schulz, A. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00993 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
The Neurobiological Toll of Child Abuse and Neglect
Neigh, G. N., Gillespie, C. F., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2009) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838009339758 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Decreased hippocampal N-acetylaspartate in the absence of atrophy in posttraumatic stress disorder
Schuff, N., Neylan, T. C., Lenoci, M. A., Du, A.-T., Weiss, D. S., Marmar, C. R., & Weiner, M. W. (2001) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01245-8 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Gilbertson, M. W., Gurvits, T. V., Lasko, N. B., Orr, S. P., & Pitman, R. K. (2001) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1023/a:1011181305501 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
HPA axis activity in patients with panic disorder: review and synthesis of four studies
Abelson, J. L., Khan, S. A., Liberzon, I., & Young, E. A. (2006) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20220 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
A History of Corticosterone Exposure Regulates Fear Extinction and Cortical NR2B, GluR2/3, and BDNF
Gourley, S. L., Kedves, A. T., Olausson, P., & Taylor, J. R. (2009) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2008.123 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression: An analysis of comorbidity
Bleich, A., Koslowsky, M., Dolev, A., & Lerer, B. (1997) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.170.5.479 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Elevated levels of serum interleukin-1β in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder
Spivak, B., Shohat, B., Mester, R., Avraham, S., Gil‐Ad, I., Bleich, A., Valevski, A., & Weizman, A. (1997) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(96)00375-7 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
What is mood? A computational perspective
Clark, J. E., Watson, S., & Friston, K. J. (2018) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718000430 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Vermetten, E., & Bremner, J. D. (2002) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.10017 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Self-citationTreatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Shalev, A. Y., Bonne, O. B., & Eth, S. (1996) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199603000-00012 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Yehuda, R., Halligan, S. L., Golier, J. A., Grossman, R., & Bierer, L. M. (2003) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(03)00052-0 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Self-citationSingle prolonged stress disrupts retention of extinguished fear in rats.Preprint
Knox, D., George, S. A., Fitzpatrick, C. J., Rabinak, C. A., Maren, S., & Liberzon, I. (2012) · Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · doi:10.1101/lm.024356.111 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Comparing cortisol, stress, and sensory sensitivity in children with autism
Corbett, B. A., Schupp, C. W., Levine, S., & Mendoza, S. P. (2009) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.64 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Corticotropin-releasing hormone in depression and post-traumatic stress disorder
Kasckow, J. W., Baker, D. G., & Geracioti, T. D. (2001) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(01)00399-0 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Kunugi, H., Hori, H., Adachi, N., & Numakawa, T. (2010) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2010.02135.x · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Biological Factors Associated with Susceptibility to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Yehuda, R. (1999) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674379904400104 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Self-citationIs obsessive–compulsive disorder an anxiety disorder?
Bartz, J. A., & Hollander, E. (2006) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2005.11.003 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Bellingrath, S., Weigl, T., & Kudielka, B. M. (2008) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.01.006 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
The Impact of Deployment Length and Experience on the Well-Being of Male and Female Soldiers.
Adler, A. B., Huffman, A. H., Bliese, P. D., & Castro, C. A. (2005) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/1076-8998.10.2.121 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Yehuda, R., Siever, L. J., Teicher, M. H., Levengood, R. A., Gerber, D. K., Schmeidler, J., & Yang, R.-K. (1998) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(98)80007-3 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Self-citationThe ACTH Response to Dexamethasone in PTSD
Yehuda, R., Golier, J. A., Halligan, S. L., Meaney, M. J., & Bierer, L. M. (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.8.1397 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Self-citationNewport, D. J., Heim, C. C., Bonsall, R. W., Miller, A. H., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00692-9 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Adulthood trauma and HPA-axis functioning in healthy subjects and PTSD patients: A meta-analysis
Klaassens, E. R., Giltay, E. J., Cuijpers, P. J., van Veen, T., & Zitman, F. G. (2011) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.07.003 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
de Kloet, C. S., Vermetten, E. H. G. J. M., Heijnen, C. J., Geuze, E., Lentjes, E. G. W. M., & Westenberg, H. G. M. (2007) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2006.12.009 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Hamner, M. B., Frueh, B. C., Ulmer, H. G., & Arana, G. W. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00301-1 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Wikgren, M., Maripuu, M., Karlsson, T., Nordfjäll, K., Bergdahl, J., Hultdin, J., Del‐Favero, J., Roos, G., Nilsson, L., Adolfsson, R., et al. (2011) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.09.015 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Acquisition, Recognition, Course, and Treatment
Davidson, J. R. T., Stein, D. J., Shalev, A. Y., & Yehuda, R. (2004) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.16.2.135 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Self-citationYehuda, R., Halligan, S. L., Grossman, R., Golier, J. A., & Wong, C. M. (2002) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01357-4 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Self-citationSimeon, D., Knutelska, M., Yehuda, R., Putnam, F., Schmeidler, J., & Smith, L. M. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.07.030 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Self-citationIncreased pituitary activation following metyrapone administration in post-traumatic stress disorder
Yehuda, R., Levengood, R. A., Schmeidler, J., Wilson, S., Guo, L. S., & Gerber, D. (1996) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/0306-4530(95)00055-0 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Self-citationRoss, D. A., Arbuckle, M. R., Travis, M. J., Dwyer, J. B., van Schalkwyk, G. I., & Ressler, K. J. (2017) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.3325 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Noradrenergic Mechanisms in the Pathophysiology of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
O'Donnell, T., Hegadoren, K., & Coupland, N. (2004) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000080952 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Bremner, J. D. (2006) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/187152706778559309 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Self-citationChristopher, M. (2004) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2003.12.003 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Orsillo, S. M., Weathers, F. W., Litz, B. T., Steinberg, H. R., Huska, J. A., & Keane, T. M. (1996) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199605000-00007 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Stress Hormones: How Do They Measure Up?
King, S. L., & Hegadoren, K. (2002) · Biological Research For Nursing · doi:10.1177/1099800402238334 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
PTSD Arousal and Depression Symptoms Associated With Increased Right-Sided Parietal EEG Asymmetry.
Metzger, L. J., Paige, S. R., Carson, M. A., Lasko, N. B., Paulus, L. A., Pitman, R. K., & Orr, S. P. (2004) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.113.2.324 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Kanter, E. D., Wilkinson, C. W., Radant, A. D., Petrie, E. C., Dobie, D. J., McFall, M., Peskind, E. R., & Raskind, M. A. (2001) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01158-1 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Physiological and Cognitive Correlates of Child Abuse
CARREY, N. J., Butter, H. J., Persinger, M. A., & Bialik, R. J. (1995) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199508000-00017 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
The body politic: the relationship between stigma and obesity-associated disease
Muennig, P. A. (2008) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-128 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Post‐traumatic stress disorder and beyond: an overview of rodent stress models
Schöner, J., Heinz, A., Endres, M., Gertz, K. R., & Kronenberg, G. (2017) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.13161 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Animal models of post-traumatic stress disorder: face validity
Goswami, S., Rodríguez-Sierra, O. E., Cascardi, M. A., & Paré, D. (2013) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2013.00089 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Bowers, M. E., & Ressler, K. J. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.06.008 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
- Authors
- Yehuda, R., Southwick, S. M., Krystal, J. H., Bremner, J. D., Charney, D. S., & Mason, J. W.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 1993-01-01
- Volume
- 150
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 83-86
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W49144085
- Cited by
- 517
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 6.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r03mh049536-02)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-49536)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, dexamethasone suppression test, cortisol, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, negative feedback sensitivity, major depressive disorder, differential diagnosis, glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Depressive Disorder, Dexamethasone, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Male, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
