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Cited by 240Psychosomatic Disorders and Their TreatmentsStress Responses and CortisolHeart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control

Interoception and stress

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Schulz, André·2015·Frontiers in Psychology
DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00993PMC PMC4507149
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Abstract

Afferent neural signals are continuously transmitted from visceral organs to the brain. Interoception refers to the processing of visceral-afferent neural signals by the central nervous system, which can finally result in the conscious perception of bodily processes. Interoception can, therefore, be described as a prominent example of information processing on the ascending branch of the brain-body axis. Stress responses involve a complex neuro-behavioral cascade, which is elicited when the organism is confronted with a potentially harmful stimulus. As this stress cascade comprises a range of neural and endocrine pathways, stress can be conceptualized as a communication process on the descending branch of the brain-body axis. Interoception and stress are, therefore, associated via the bi-directional transmission of information on the brain-body axis. It could be argued that excessive and/or enduring activation (e.g., by acute or chronic stress) of neural circuits, which are responsible for successful communication on the brain-body axis, induces malfunction and dysregulation of these information processes. As a consequence, interoceptive signal processing may be altered, resulting in physical symptoms contributing to the development and/or maintenance of body-related mental disorders, which are associated with stress. In the current paper, we summarize findings on psychobiological processes underlying acute and chronic stress and their interaction with interoception. While focusing on the role of the physiological stress axes (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis and autonomic nervous system), psychological factors in acute and chronic stress are also discussed. We propose a positive feedback model involving stress (in particular early life or chronic stress, as well as major adverse events), the dysregulation of physiological stress axes, altered perception of bodily sensations, and the generation of physical symptoms, which may in turn facilitate stress.

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  • The efferent limb of interoception is understudied.

    “This efferent limb is understudied (39), and paradigms that can effectively measure visceromotor outputs will be critical to establish sensitive assays of dysfunctional interoception and homeostatic regulation (e.g., detection of visceromotor-efferent neural signals controlling baroreflex sensitivity during modulation of visceral-afferent input by sympathetic drugs).”

    From Interoception and Mental Health: A Roadmap. (2018) · cites this paper as [39]

    The Psychophysiological Methods section says baroreflex sensitivity reflects both the afferent and efferent branches, but does not say the efferent limb is understudied. Searches for “efferent,” “understudied,” and related terms found no passage in our copy making that assessment. (LLM, conf=0.72)

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Authors
Schulz, A.
Affiliations
University of Luxembourg (LU)
Corresponding author
Schulz, André
ORCID
Schulz, André
Venue
Frontiers in Psychology
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2015
Volume
6
Pages
993-993
ISSN
1664-1078 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00993
PMC
PMC4507149
OpenAlex
W1485613411
Cited by
240
References
247
Citations by year
2026: 20 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 2
FWCI
2.02
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Frontiers in Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Université du Luxembourg
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Keywords
interoception, stress, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, autonomic nervous system, chronic stress, acute stress, early life stress, major adverse events, somatic symptoms, psychobiology

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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