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Assessment of Self-Injurious Thoughts Using a Behavioral Test
Open accessAbstract
Objective: The assessment of self-injurious thoughts has been limited by a reliance on what individuals are willing or able to report explicitly. The authors examined a new method that measures self-injurious thoughts by using individuals’ reaction times to self-injury-related stimuli on a computerized test. Method: Eighty-nine adolescents who were not self-injurious (N=36) or had recently engaged in nonsuicidal self-injury (N=53) completed two versions of the Self-Injury Implicit Association Test, which measure the automatic association of self-injury with oneself and with favorableness. Results The tests revealed significant behavioral differences between the self-injurers and noninjurers. Moreover, test scores significantly improved the statistical prediction of nonsuicidal self-injury beyond that achieved with demographic and psychiatric factors. Conclusions: These initial results support the validity of the Self-Injury Implicit Association Test as a performance-based measure of self-injurious thoughts. Future research should further examine the usefulness of incorporating implicit measures in risk assessment and decision-making procedures for self-injury and other sensitive clinical behaviors.
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“Implicit measurement of suicide-related constructs (e.g., through reaction time-based tasks) may be an effective strategy to circumvent these concerns”
From The interpersonal theory of suicide: A systematic review and meta-analysis of a decade of cross-national research. (2017) · cites this paper as Nock & Banaji, 2007
In the citing paper
“Although the IAT was initially developed in the social psychology literature, Nock and colleagues adapted it to measure both non-suicidal self-injury and associations between the self and death/life (53, 54).”
From New methods for assessing rapid changes in suicide risk (2021) · cites this paper as [53]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Nock, M. K., & Banaji, M. R.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nock, Matthew K.
- ORCID
- Nock, Matthew K.
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2007-05
- Volume
- 164
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 820-823
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W2167826805
- Cited by
- 158
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 9.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- nrs.harvard.edu
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-57672, R03MH076047, R01MH057672, MH076047)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- non-suicidal self-injury, self-injurious thoughts, implicit associations, reaction time, adolescents, automatic associations, risk assessment, performance-based assessment
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Association, Decision Making, Female, Humans, Male, Psychological Tests, Psychometrics, Reaction Time, Self Disclosure, Software, Suicide, Attempted, Thinking, Reproducibility of Results, Self-Injurious Behavior, Risk Assessment
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