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Postpartum Depression in Women Receiving Public Assistance: Pilot Study of an Interpersonal-Therapy-Oriented Group Intervention
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated whether a preventive intervention based on the principles of interpersonal psychotherapy administered to pregnant women would reduce the risk of postpartum major depression. METHOD: Thirty-seven pregnant women receiving public assistance who had at least one risk factor for postpartum depression were randomly assigned to a four-session group intervention or to a treatment-as-usual condition. Thirty-five of the women completed the study. Structured diagnostic interviews were administered to assess for postpartum major depression. RESULTS: Within 3 months after they gave birth, six (33%) of the 18 women in the treatment-as-usual condition had developed postpartum major depression, compared with none of the 17 women in the intervention condition. CONCLUSIONS: A four-session interpersonal-therapy-oriented group intervention was successful in preventing the occurrence of major depression during a postpartum period of 3 months in a group of financially disadvantaged women.
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“Existing perinatal mental health interventions have been designed for low‐risk outpatients [22, 23, 24, 25], and they are not aligned with the unique needs of hospitalized antepartum patients.”
From Mental health needs among patients experiencing extended antepartum hospitalization: A qualitative study (2026) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“However, existing perinatal mental health interventions have been designed for low‐risk outpatients [22, 23, 24, 25]; they are not aligned with the perspectives and needs of high‐risk inpatients facing acute stressors.”
From Mental health needs among patients experiencing extended antepartum hospitalization: A qualitative study (2026) · cites this paper as [25]
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Cuijpers, P., van Straten, A., Smit, F., Mihalopoulos, C., & Beekman, A. (2008) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07091422 · Cited by 456
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“…et al. 2009 0.38 0.15 0.97 0.04 Willemse et al. 2004 0.66 0.35 1.26 0.21 Young et al. 2006 0.26 0.02 2.90 0.27 Young et al. 2010 0.18 0.02 1.98 0.16 Zlotnick et al. 2001 0.08 0.01 1.34 0.08 Zlotnick et al. 2006 0.22 0.05 0.97 0.05 Zlotnick et al. 2011 1.11 0.39 3.22 0.84 Overall 0.79 0.69 0.91…”
Influentialde Mello, M. F., de Jesus Mari, J., Bacaltchuk, J., Verdeli, H., & Neugebauer, R. (2005) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-004-0542-x · Cited by 346
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Prevention of major depression
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A Preventive Intervention for Pregnant Women on Public Assistance at Risk for Postpartum Depression
Zlotnick, C., Miller, I. W., Pearlstein, T. B., Howard, M. M., & Sweeney, P. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.8.1443 · Cited by 218
“In an earlier pilot study (4), we found that an intervention based primarily on the principles of interpersonal therapy appeared to be successful in preventing the occurrence of postpartum depression within 3 months after delivery among pregnant women on public assistance with at least one risk factor for postpartum d…”
ResultSelf-citationAustin, M.-P., Frilingos, M., Lumley, J., Hadzi-Pavlovic, D., Roncolato, W., Acland, S., Saint, K., Segal, N., & Parker, G. (2008) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.04.001 · Cited by 212
Muñoz, R. F., Le, H., Ippen, C. G., Diaz, M. A., Urizar, G. G., Soto, J. A., Mendelson, T., Delucchi, K., & Lieberman, A. F. (2006) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2006.04.021 · Cited by 221
Preventing postpartum depression: Review and recommendations
Werner, E., Miller, M., Osborne, L. M., Kuzava, S., & Monk, C. (2015) · Archives of Women's Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-014-0475-y · Cited by 212
“The ROSE program is a brief, manualized IPTbased group intervention designed by Zlotnick and colleagues (Zlotnick et al., 2001, 2006) to help pregnant women on public assistance improve close relationships, build social support networks, and manage the role transition to motherhood.”
MethodLe, H., Perry, D. F., & Stuart, E. A. (2011) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0022492 · Cited by 204
Mental health promotion works: a review
Jané‐Llopis, E., Barry, M. M., Hosman, C. M. H., & Patel, V. (2005) · Promotion & Education · doi:10.1177/10253823050120020103x · Cited by 210
Austin, M.-P. (2004) · Archives of Women's Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-003-0034-4 · Cited by 190
“The majority of RCTs of ‘‘selective’’ antenatal interventions, aimed at prevention of PND have been of the group format (Stamp et al., 1995; Buist et al., 1998; Brugha et al., 2000; Elliott et al., 2000; Zlotnick et al., 2001 ) and the control condition has usually been ‘‘routine antenatal care’’.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialPreventing the Incidence of New Cases of Mental Disorders
Cuijpers, P. J., van Straten, A., & Smit, F. (2005) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000152810.76190.a6 · Cited by 180
Verreault, N., Costa, D. D., Marchand, A., Ireland, K., Dritsa, M., & Khalifé, S. (2014) · Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.3109/0167482x.2014.947953 · Cited by 179
“[62] found in a pilot study that an interpersonally-oriented group intervention during pregnancy was efficacious in women at high-risk in preventing PPD.”
BackgroundMorrell, C., Warner, R., Slade, P., Dixon, S., Walters, S. J., Paley, G., & Brugha, T. S. (2009) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta13300 · Cited by 181
Milgrom, J., Schembri, C., Ericksen, J., Ross, J., & Gemmill, A. W. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.10.045 · Cited by 175
“Psycho-education, cognitive–behavioural therapy, interpersonal therapy, nondirective counselling and problem-solving, supportive interventions and increased social support (via telephone, home or clinic), have all been evaluated, delivered either individually or in group-format (Austin et al., 2008; Brugha et al., 200…”
Antenatal screening for postnatal depression: a systematic review
Austin, M. ‐., & Lumley, J. (2003) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0447.2003.02024.x · Cited by 238
A systematic review and meta-analysis of interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal women
Sockol, L. E. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.01.018 · Cited by 158
Depression, anxiety and influencing factors in pregnancy: a study in a Turkish population
Karaçam, Z., & Ançel, G. (2007) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2007.03.006 · Cited by 162
“The BDI has been used in other studies investigating depression in pregnancy (Ponirakis et al., 1998; Buist et al., 1999; Kurki et al., 2000; Zlotnick et al., 2001; Manber et al., 2004).”
MethodThe Economic Analysis of Prevention in Mental Health Programs
Mihalopoulos, C., Vos, T., Pirkis, J., & Carter, R. (2011) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032210-104601 · Cited by 159
Preventing postpartum depression: A meta-analytic review
Sockol, L. E., Epperson, C. N., & Barber, J. P. (2013) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.10.004 · Cited by 156
Morrell, C. J., Sutcliffe, P., Booth, A., Stevens, J., Scope, A., Stevenson, M., Harvey, R., Bessey, A., Cantrell, A., Dennis, C.-L., et al. (2016) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta20370 · Cited by 155
“Of the 14 trials excluded as a result of lack of available EPDS data, six were at unclear risk of bias.(166,171,178,179,206,229) Five of these trials were small, with fewer than 100 participants.”
BackgroundMatthey, S., Kavanagh, D. J., Howie, P. M., Barnett, B. E. W., & Charles, M. A. (2003) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00362-2 · Cited by 154
“While therefore the current evidence indicates that preventive psychosocial interventions are not successful at reducing postpartum distress, there are signs that the variables of attendance (woman and partner) and focusing on increasing partner support, may help in increasing the postpartum adjustment levels of women…”
BackgroundCuijpers, P. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.8.1385 · Cited by 217
Lara, M. A., Navarro, C., & Navarrete, L. (2010) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2009.06.024 · Cited by 146
“, 2001, 2006) and 3) in depressive symptoms (Zlotnick et al., 2001) when compared to control groups.”
BackgroundHalbreich, U. M. (2005) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2005.02.103 · Cited by 148
“Single women with low socioeconomic status (SES) have been overrepresented in these samples.(68) Although earlier reviews suggested that socioeconomic and ethnic variables did not necessarily influence prevalence of PPD, more recent reports suggest that low SES and poverty, as well as being a single mother are associa…”
BackgroundPsychosocial and psychological interventions for treating antenatal depression
Dennis, C., Ross, L. E., & Grigoriadis, S. (2007) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006309.pub2 · Cited by 152
Tandon, S. D., Leis, J. A., Mendelson, T., Perry, D. F., & Kemp, K. (2014) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-013-1313-y · Cited by 142
“The interventions studied in these RCTs also had different theoretical frameworks, although most studies used cognitive-behavioral therapy [10, 17, 18] or interpersonal psychotherapy [21, 22] approaches.”
Zlotnick, C., Capezza, N. M., & Parker, D. (2011) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-010-0195-x · Cited by 136
“Additionally, an IPT-based intervention has demonstrated initial efficacy to reduce postpartum depression in pregnant woman on public assistance at risk for postpartum depression (Zlotnick et al. 2001; Zlotnick et al. 2006).”
Self-citationTreating Depression During Pregnancy and the Postpartum: A Preliminary Meta-Analysis
Bledsoe, S. E., & Grote, N. K. (2006) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/1049731505282202 · Cited by 136
Ryan, D. M., Milis, L., & Misri, N. (2017) · Journal of Midwifery & Women s Health · doi:10.1111/jmwh.12678 · Cited by 122
O'MAHONY, J., & DONNELLY, T. (2010) · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2850.2010.01625.x · Cited by 120
“…include cognitive-behavioural therapy with or without antidepressants (Appleby et al. 1997, Cooper et al. 2003), telephone-based peer support (Dennis 2003), non-directive counselling (Wickberg & Hwang 1996) and interpersonal psychotherapy (O’Hara et al., 2000, Zlotnick et al. 2001, Beck 2006).”
BackgroundResultDimidjian, S., Goodman, S. H., Felder, J. N., Gallop, R., Brown, A. P., & Beck, A. (2015) · Archives of Women's Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-014-0468-x · Cited by 118
Quality of life, postnatal depression and baby gender
De Tychey, C., Briançon, S., Lighezzolo, J., Spitz, E., Kabuth, B., De Luigi, V., Messembourg, C., Girvan, F., Rosati, A., Thockler, A., et al. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01911.x · Cited by 111
Preventing perinatal depression in low-income home visiting clients: A randomized controlled trial.
Tandon, S. D., Perry, D. F., Mendelson, T., Kemp, K., & Leis, J. A. (2011) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0024895 · Cited by 105
Sexual problems in women during the first postpartum year and related conditions
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Antenatal psychosocial assessment for reducing perinatal mental health morbidity
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Randomized controlled trial to prevent postpartum depression in adolescent mothers
Phipps, M. G., Raker, C. A., Ware, C. F., & Zlotnick, C. (2013) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2012.12.036 · Cited by 99
“A blinded randomized controlled trial was used to evaluate the REACH program as an intervention to prevent PPD.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationGao, L., Chan, S. W., & Sun, K. (2011) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2011.09.010 · Cited by 93
“Previous studies investigated the short-term effects of IPT oriented childbirth education programme (Gao et al., 2010; Zlotnick et al., 2001, 2006).”
BackgroundAntenatal Cognitive-behavioral Therapy for Prevention of Postpartum Depression: A Pilot Study
Cho, H., Kwon, J. H., & Lee, J. J. (2008) · Yonsei Medical Journal · doi:10.3349/ymj.2008.49.4.553 · Cited by 93
“Thus, tailored individual intervention with CBT appears to be more effective to pregnant women than group CBT.27 In group CBT sessions, personal states such as pregnancy fatigue, condition of an unborn child, and dissatisfaction from their partner should not be talked.”
MethodInfluentialScreening and Treatment for Depression During Pregnancy: A Cautionary Note
Carter, F. A., Carter, J. D., Luty, S. E., Wilson, D. A., FRAMPTON, C. M. A., & Joyce, P. R. (2005) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01562.x · Cited by 92
“The results of the present study are consistent with other studies that have reported difficulties recruiting pregnant women to trials involving screening for depressive symptoms and the provision of an intervention [25,26].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialInterpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: a systematic review
Miniati, M., Callari, A., Calugi, S., Rucci, P., Savino, M., Mauri, M., & Dell’Osso, L. (2014) · Archives of Women's Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-014-0442-7 · Cited by 91
“…study confirmed a previous finding of a pilot study conducted with a brief group-psychotherapeutic intervention based on the principles of IPT by Zlotnick et al. (2001) The proposed approach was effective in preventing the occurrence of major depression during the postpartum period in a sample…”
InfluentialAustin, M., & Priest, S. R. (2005) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00549.x · Cited by 91
Management of Postpartum Depression
Guille, C., Newman, R., Fryml, L. D., Lifton, C. K., & Epperson, C. N. (2013) · Journal of Midwifery & Women s Health · doi:10.1111/jmwh.12104 · Cited by 90
McKee, M. D., Zayas, L. H., Fletcher, J., Boyd, R. C., & Nam, S. H. (2006) · Journal of Social Service Research · doi:10.1300/j079v32n04_04 · Cited by 86
“The two prenatal depression intervention studies (Spinelli & Endicott, 2003; Zlotnick et al., 2001) have been tested in public assistance and specialty mental health services, not primary care, and neither followed women across the perinatal period.”
BackgroundPostpartum depression among immigrant women
Fung, K. P.-L., & Dennis, C. (2010) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e32833ad721 · Cited by 84
Antepartum/postpartum depressive symptoms and serum zinc and magnesium levels.
Wójcik, J., Dudek, D., Schlegel-Zawadzka, M., Grabowska, M., Marcinek, A., Florek, E., Piekoszewski, W., Nowak, R. J., Opoka, W., & Nowak, G. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 85
Randomized controlled trial to prevent postpartum depression in mothers on public assistance
Zlotnick, C., Tzilos, G. K., Miller, I. W., Seifer, R., & Stout, R. L. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.09.059 · Cited by 83
“The first study (Zlotnick et al., 2001) was a pilot study (n1⁄437) that randomized women on public assistance who were between 20 and 35 weeks' gestation and at high risk for developing PPD to the IPT-based intervention and usual care condition or to only the usual care condition.”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationEffect of Kangaroo Mother Care on Postpartum Depression
de Alencar, A. E. M. A., Arraes, L. C. M., de Albuquerque, E. C., & Alves, J. G. B. (2007) · Journal of Tropical Pediatrics · doi:10.1093/tropej/fmn083 · Cited by 80
“PPD is associated with more severe depressive symptoms, social dysfunction and marital maladjustment than depression unrelated to the postpartum period [6].”
BackgroundPsychological treatments for perinatal depression
Stuart, S. P., & Koleva, H. K. (2013) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2013.09.004 · Cited by 80
Bodnar-Deren, S. M., Benn, E. K. T., Balbierz, A., & Howell, E. A. (2017) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-017-2263-6 · Cited by 79
Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Postpartum Depression
Stuart, S. P. (2012) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.1778 · Cited by 79
Gao, L., Chan, S. W., Li, X., Chen, S., & Hao, Y. (2010) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.03.002 · Cited by 79
Preventing postnatal depression in mothers of very preterm infants: a randomised controlled trial
Hagan, R., Evans, S. F., & Pope, S. (2004) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00165.x · Cited by 79
Crockett, K., Zlotnick, C., Davis, M., Payne, N., & Washington, R. (2008) · Archives of Women's Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-008-0036-3 · Cited by 73
“The ROSE Program has demonstrated efficacy in reducing postpartum depression in pregnant women on public assistance at risk for PPD ( Zlotnick et al. 2001, 2006 ).”
MethodSelf-citationThe effectiveness of antenatal interventions to prevent postnatal depression in high-risk women
Clatworthy, J. (2012) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.02.029 · Cited by 75
“The IPT interventions (Grote et al., 2009; Zlotnick et al., 2001; Zlotnick et al., 2006) focussed on indentifying andmanaging interpersonal conflict.”
BackgroundMethodPreventing Postpartum Depression Part II: A Critical Review of Nonbiological Interventions
Dennis, C. (2004) · Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · doi:10.1177/070674370404900804 · Cited by 81
“Interpersonal psychotherapy Zlotnick and others (20) Pilot RCT: I Poor I”
BackgroundMethodDimidjian, S., & Goodman, S. H. (2014) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2013.11.008 · Cited by 75
Intervening to reduce depression after birth: A systematic review of the randomized trials
Lumley, J., Austin, M., & Mitchell, C. (2004) · International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care · doi:10.1017/s0266462304000911 · Cited by 83
“The intervention was implemented in groups in four other trials (Buist [16], Brugha and colleagues [14;15;99;100], Stamp and colleagues [92;93], Zlotnick and colleagues [105]).”
MethodA mother–infant therapy group model for postpartum depression
Clark, R., Tluczek, A., & Brown, R. (2008) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.20189 · Cited by 74
Interpersonal Psychotherapy to Reduce Psychological Distress in Perinatal Women: A Systematic Review
Bright, K. S., Charrois, E. M., Mughal, M. K., Wajid, A., McNeil, D. A., Stuart, S. P., Hayden, A., & Kingston, D. E. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17228421 · Cited by 74
“(2001) [82] 3 2 1 3 1 1 1 2 3 Zlotnick et al.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialHalbreich, U. M. (2004) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s109285290000897x · Cited by 72
Beyond screening: assessment of perinatal depression in a perinatal care setting
Miller, L. J., Shade, M., & Vasireddy, V. (2009) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-009-0082-5 · Cited by 68
“This stands in marked contrast to the low patient acceptance rates found in prior studies using other models (Bruglia et al. 2000; Zlotnick et al. 2001; Carter et al. 2005).”
ResultPrevention of depression: The state of the science at the beginning of the 21st Century
Barrera, A. Z., Torres, L. D., & Muñoz, R. F. (2007) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540260701797894 · Cited by 65
Gross, K. H., Wells, C. S., Radigan-Garcia, A., & Dietz, P. M. (2002) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1023/a:1021110100339 · Cited by 65
The prevention and psychotherapeutic treatment of postpartum depression
Stuart, S. P., O’Hara, M. W., & Gorman, L. (2003) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-003-0003-y · Cited by 63
“Zlotnick et al. (2001) randomized 37 women at risk for postpartum depression to either four group sessions of interpersonally oriented psychoeducation (n 18) or to a control group (n 19).”
Prevention of Mental Health Difficulties for Children Aged 0–3 Years: A Review
Izett, E., Rooney, R. M., Prescott, S. L., Palma, M. D., & McDevitt, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.500361 · Cited by 74
Group therapy and its barriers for women suffering from postpartum depression
Ugarriza, D. N. (2004) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1053/j.apnu.2004.01.002 · Cited by 63
Gao, L., Xie, W., Yang, X. N., & Chan, S. W. (2014) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.06.006 · Cited by 63
Should Postpartum Depression Be Targeted to Improve Child Mental Health?
McLennan, J. D., & Offord, D. R. (2002) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200201000-00008 · Cited by 63
Leonardou, A. A., Zervas, Y. M., Papageorgiou, C. C., Marks, M. N., Tsartsara, E. C., Antsaklis, A., Christodoulou, G. N., & Soldatos, C. R. (2009) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646830802004909 · Cited by 62
“A small pilot study employing interpersonal psychotherapy during pregnancy is promising, yet awaits replication with a larger study sample (Zlotnick et al., 2001).”
BackgroundLe, H., Muñoz, R. F., Soto, J. A., Delucchi, K., & Ippen, C. G. (2004) · Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1177/0739986304269165 · Cited by 62
Interpersonal factors and perinatal depressive symptomatology in a low-income Latina sample.
Diaz, M. A., Le, H., Cooper, B. A., & Muñoz, R. F. (2007) · Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology · doi:10.1037/1099-9809.13.4.328 · Cited by 63
Targeted group antenatal prevention of postnatal depression: a review
Austin, M. (2003) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0447.2003.00086.x · Cited by 60
“study because of its small numbers (26).”
BackgroundInfluentialPrevention of postnatal depression
Mallikarjun, P., & Oyebode, F. (2005) · Journal of the Royal Society of Health · doi:10.1177/146642400512500514 · Cited by 72
Psicoterapia de grupo: como surgiu e evoluiu
Bechelli, L. P. D. C., & dos Santos, M. A. (2004) · Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/s0104-11692004000200014 · Cited by 59
What interventions may reduce postpartum depression
Lumley, J. M., & Austin, M. (2001) · Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/00001703-200112000-00009 · Cited by 58
Stevenson, M., Scope, A., Sutcliffe, P., Booth, A., Slade, P., Parry, G., Saxon, D., & Kalthenthaler, E. (2010) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta14440 · Cited by 57
Poleshuck, E. L., & Woods, J. R. (2014) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0036044 · Cited by 55
Metadata
- Authors
- Zlotnick, C., Johnson, S. L., Miller, I. W., Pearlstein, T., & Howard, M.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2001-04-01
- Volume
- 158
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 638-640
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W2103530046
- Cited by
- 304
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 14.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Keywords
- postpartum depression, interpersonal psychotherapy, group intervention, prevention, pregnant women, social assistance, low-income women, financial disadvantage, maternal mental health
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Life Change Events, Personality Inventory, Pilot Projects, Pregnancy, Prenatal Care, Psychotherapy, Group, Public Assistance, Risk Factors, Depression, Postpartum, Postpartum Period
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