CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 214Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentEarly Childhood Education and DevelopmentCrime Patterns and Interventions

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Impact of Early Intervention on Psychopathology, Crime, and Well-Being at Age 25

Open access
Dodge, Kenneth A., Bierman, Karen L., Coie, John D., Greenberg, Mark T., Lochman, John E., McMahon, Robert J., Pinderhughes, Ellen E., for the Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group·2015·American Journal of Psychiatry
DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13060786PMC PMC4485380
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: This randomized controlled trial tested the efficacy of early intervention to prevent adult psychopathology and improve well-being in early-starting conduct-problem children. METHOD: Kindergarteners (N=9,594) in three cohorts (1991-1993) at 55 schools in four communities were screened for conduct problems, yielding 979 early starters. A total of 891 (91%) consented (51% African American, 47% European American; 69% boys). Children were randomly assigned by school cluster to a 10-year intervention or control. The intervention goal was to develop social competencies in children that would carry them throughout life, through social skills training, parent behavior-management training with home visiting, peer coaching, reading tutoring, and classroom social-emotional curricula. Manualization and supervision ensured program fidelity. Ninety-eight percent participated during grade 1, and 80% continued through grade 10. At age 25, arrest records were reviewed (N=817, 92%), and condition-blinded adults psychiatrically interviewed participants (N=702; 81% of living participants) and a peer (N=535) knowledgeable about the participant. RESULTS: Intent-to-treat logistic regression analyses indicated that 69% of participants in the control arm displayed at least one externalizing, internalizing, or substance abuse psychiatric problem (based on self- or peer interview) at age 25, in contrast with 59% of those assigned to intervention (odds ratio=0.59, CI=0.43-0.81; number needed to treat=8). This pattern also held for self-interviews, peer interviews, scores using an "and" rule for self- and peer reports, and separate tests for externalizing problems, internalizing problems, and substance abuse problems, as well as for each of three cohorts, four sites, male participants, female participants, African Americans, European Americans, moderate-risk, and high-risk subgroups. Intervention participants also received lower severity-weighted violent (standardized estimate=-0.37) and drug (standardized estimate=-0.43) crime conviction scores, lower risky sexual behavior scores (standardized estimate=-0.24), and higher well-being scores (standardized estimate=0.19). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence for the efficacy of early intervention in preventing adult psychopathology among high-risk early-starting conduct-problem children.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13060786

Cites

44 of 44 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 44 references

Research works printed but not linked: 7

  1. Achenbach TM, 1997, Manual for the Young Adult Self-Report and Young Adult Behavior Checklist
  2. Dilulio JJ, 1995, Wkly Stand, 1, 23
  3. Greenberg MT, 2014, The PATHS (Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies) Curriculum
  4. Oyserman D, 2000, School-to-Jobs Facilitators Manual: After-School Program
  5. Achenbach TM, 2003, Manual for the ASEBA Adult Forms and Profiles
  6. Howe D, 1992, What researchers have learned from the National Longitudinal Surveys about Youth Unemployment (no 828)
  7. Long JS, 2001, Regression models for categorical and limited dependent variables with Stata

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Dodge, K. A., Bierman, K. L., Coie, J. D., Greenberg, M. T., Lochman, J. E., McMahon, R. J., Pinderhughes, E. E., & for the Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group
Affiliations
Tufts University (US)
ORCID
Venue
American Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher
American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Published
2015-01-01
Volume
172
Issue
1
Pages
59-70
ISSN
  • 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
  • 1535-7228
DOI
10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13060786
PMC
PMC4485380
OpenAlex
W1967914586
Cited by
213
References
44
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 16
FWCI
21.30
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5p20da017589-05)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R18 MH 50953, R18MH050951, R18 MH50951, R18MH48043, K05MH000797, K05MH-00797, R18-MH50952, R18MH048043, K05MH01027, R18MH050953, K05MH001027, R18MH050952)
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA 16903, R01DA016903, P20- DA017589, P30DA023026, K05DA015226, DA017589)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
Keywords
early intervention, social skills training, home visiting, peer coaching, reading tutoring, adult psychopathology, substance abuse, violent crime, drug offenses, sexual risk behavior, well-being, arrest records, kindergarten screening, vulnerable children, African American children, European American children, gender differences
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Behavior Therapy, Mental Disorders, Child, Child, Preschool, Crime, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Personal Satisfaction, Schools, Treatment Outcome, Conduct Disorder

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review