Cumulative stress in childhood is associated with blunted reward-related brain activity in adulthood
Open accessAbstract
Early life stress (ELS) is strongly associated with negative outcomes in adulthood, including reduced motivation and increased negative mood. The mechanisms mediating these relations, however, are poorly understood. We examined the relation between exposure to ELS and reward-related brain activity, which is known to predict motivation and mood, at age 26, in a sample followed since kindergarten with annual assessments. Using functional neuroimaging, we assayed individual differences in the activity of the ventral striatum (VS) during the processing of monetary rewards associated with a simple card-guessing task, in a sample of 72 male participants. We examined associations between a cumulative measure of ELS exposure and VS activity in adulthood. We found that greater levels of cumulative stress during childhood and adolescence predicted lower reward-related VS activity in adulthood. Extending this general developmental pattern, we found that exposure to stress early in development (between kindergarten and grade 3) was significantly associated with variability in adult VS activity. Our results provide an important demonstration that cumulative life stress, especially during this childhood period, is associated with blunted reward-related VS activity in adulthood. These differences suggest neurobiological pathways through which a history of ELS may contribute to reduced motivation and increased negative mood.
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Two studies from one group link ELS to lower ventral striatal response to positive feedback.
“In two studies by the same group, ELS was associated with decreased ventral striatal activity to positive feedback (Hanson et al, 2015; Hanson et al, 2016).”
From The effects of early life stress on reward processing (2018) · cites this paper as Hanson et al, 2016
That link was significant for stress in early childhood (kindergarten to grade 3) but not for later stress.
“This relationship was significant when the stress was experienced earlier in life (kindergarten through grade 3) but not later (Hanson et al., 2016).”
From The effects of early life stress on reward processing (2018) · cites this paper as Hanson et al., 2016
ELA leads to weaker reward responsivity, and deprivation may increase substance use to overcome this blunted reward response.
“Behavioral and neurobiological studies indicate that ELA leads to blunted reward responsivity (i.e. lower neural response to reward in reward-processing brain regions such as the ventral striatum (VS)), an effect that persists across the lifespan.67–70”
From Early life adversity and health-risk behaviors: Proposed psychological and neural mechanisms (2018) · cites this paper as [68]
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- Authors
- Hanson, J. L., Albert, D., Iselin, A.-M. R., Carré, J. M., Dodge, K. A., & Hariri, A. R.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Bryn Mawr College (US)
- University of North Carolina Wilmington (US)
- Nipissing University (CA)
- Duke University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2015-10-05
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 405-412
- ISSN
- 1749-5016 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-5024
- PMC
- PMC4769626
- OpenAlex
- W2176954879
- Cited by
- 185
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 19.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- DukeSpace (Duke University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p20da017589-05)
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG049789)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R18 MH 50953, R18MH050951, R18 MH50951, R18MH48043, K05MH000797, K05MH-00797, R18-MH50952, R18MH048043, K05MH01027, R18MH050953, K05MH001027, R18MH050952)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA 16903, RC1DA028248, R01DA016903, R01DA033369, P30DA023026, DA031579, DA033369, K05DA015226, DA023026, DA017589, DA015226, R01DA031579)
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- Center for Substance Abuse Prevention
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (T32HD0737625)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- early life stress, cumulative stress, childhood stress, ventral striatum, reward processing, motivation, negative mood, adolescence, longitudinal development, individual differences, monetary rewards
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Brain, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Individuality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Motivation, Reward, Stress, Psychological, Ventral Striatum
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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