Persistent Dissociation and Its Neural Correlates in Predicting Outcomes After Trauma Exposure
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OBJECTIVE: Dissociation, a disruption or discontinuity in psychological functioning, is often linked with worse psychiatric symptoms; however, the prognostic value of dissociation after trauma is inconsistent. Determining whether trauma-related dissociation is uniquely predictive of later outcomes would enable early identification of at-risk trauma populations. The authors conducted the largest prospective longitudinal biomarker study of persistent dissociation to date to determine its predictive capacity for adverse psychiatric outcomes following acute trauma. METHODS: All data were part of the Freeze 2 data release from the Advancing Understanding of Recovery After Trauma (AURORA) study. Study participants provided self-report data about persistent derealization (N=1,464), a severe type of dissociation, and completed a functional MRI emotion reactivity task and resting-state scan 2 weeks posttrauma (N=145). Three-month follow-up reports were collected of posttraumatic stress, depression, pain, anxiety symptoms, and functional impairment. RESULTS: Derealization was associated with increased ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activation in the emotion reactivity task and decreased resting-state vmPFC connectivity with the cerebellum and orbitofrontal cortex. In separate analyses, brain-based and self-report measures of persistent derealization at 2 weeks predicted worse 3-month posttraumatic stress symptoms, distinct from the effects of childhood maltreatment history and current posttraumatic stress symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that persistent derealization is both an early psychological and biological marker of worse later psychiatric outcomes. The neural correlates of trauma-related dissociation may serve as potential targets for treatment engagement to prevent posttraumatic stress disorder. These results underscore dissociation assessment as crucial following trauma exposure to identify at-risk individuals, and they highlight an unmet clinical need for tailored early interventions.
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Chapter 12. Dissociative Disorders
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- Authors
- Lebois, L. A. M., Harnett, N. G., van Rooij, S. J. H., Ely, T. D., Jovanovic, T., Bruce, S. E., House, S. L., Ravichandran, C., Dumornay, N. M., Finegold, K. E., Hill, S. B., Merker, J. B., Phillips, K. A., Beaudoin, F. L., An, X., Neylan, T. C., Clifford, G. D., Linnstaedt, S. D., Germine, L. T., Rauch, S. L., Haran, J. P., Storrow, A. B., Lewandowski, C., Musey, P. I., Hendry, P. L., Sheikh, S., Jones, C. W., Punches, B. E., Swor, R. A., McGrath, M. E., Hudak, L. A., Pascual, J. L., Seamon, M. J., Datner, E. M., Chang, A. M., Pearson, C., Domeier, R. M., Rathlev, N. K., O’Neil, B. J., Sergot, P., Sanchez, L. D., Miller, M. W., Pietrzak, R. H., Joormann, J., Barch, D. M., Pizzagalli, D. A., Sheridan, J. F., Smoller, J. W., Luna, B., Harte, S. E., Elliott, J. M., Kessler, R. C., Koenen, K. C., McLean, S. A., Stevens, J. S., & Ressler, K. J.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders (Lebois, Harnett, Ravichandran, Dumornay, Finegold, Merker, Pizzagalli, Ressler), Institute for Technology in Psychiatry (Germine, Rauch), and Department of Psychiatry (Rauch), McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass.; Department of Psychiatry (Lebois, Harnett, Ravichandran, Germine, Rauch, Pizzagalli, Ressler), Department of Emergency Medicine (Sanchez), and Department of Health Care Policy (Kessler), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Psychiatry and...
- Broad Institute (US)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lebois, Lauren A.M.
- ORCID
- Lebois, Lauren A.M.
- Harnett, Nathaniel G.
- Ely, Timothy D.
- Bruce, Steven E.
- House, Stacey L.
- Ravichandran, Caitlin
- Finegold, Katherine E.
- Hill, Sarah B.
- Merker, Julia B.
- Phillips, Karlye A.
- Beaudoin, Francesca L.
- An, Xinming
- Neylan, Thomas C.
- Clifford, Gari D.
- Linnstaedt, Sarah D.
- Germine, Laura T.
- Rauch, Scott L.
- Haran, John P.
- Storrow, Alan B.
- Lewandowski, Christopher
- Musey, Paul I.
- Hendry, Phyllis L.
- Sheikh, Sophia
- Jones, Christopher W.
- Punches, Brittany E.
- Swor, Robert A.
- McGrath, Meghan E.
- Hudak, Lauren A.
- Seamon, Mark J.
- Datner, Elizabeth M.
- Chang, Anna M
- Pearson, Claire
- Domeier, Robert M.
- Rathlev, Niels K.
- O’Neil, Brian J.
- Sergot, Paulina
- Miller, Mark W.
- Pietrzak, Robert H.
- Joormann, Jutta
- Barch, Deanna M.
- Pizzagalli, Diego A.
- Sheridan, John F.
- Smoller, Jordan W.
- Harte, Steven E.
- Elliott, James M.
- Kessler, Ronald C.
- Koenen, Karestan C.
- McLean, Samuel A.
- Stevens, Jennifer S.
- Ressler, Kerry J.
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2022-09-01
- Volume
- 179
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 661-672
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- PMC
- PMC9444876
- OpenAlex
- W4283332169
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 7 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 8.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (1521347)
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
- American Psychiatric Publishing
- AstraZeneca
- Microsoft Research
- Vanderbilt University
- McLean Hospital
- Wayne State University
- Emory University
- Temple University
- International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation
- ACADIA Pharmaceuticals
- BrainsWay
- Verily Life Sciences
- One Mind
- Concert Pharmaceuticals
- University of Oxford
- NSW Ministry of Health
- National Institutes of Health (2020-2025)
- Samsung
- Allergan
- Takeda Oncology
- National Institute on Aging (R33AG05654, F33AG005654)
- National Institute of Mental Health (K00MH119603, MH119603, R01MH095809, K01MH118467, U01MH110925)
- National Cancer Institute
- Janssen Pharmaceuticals
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R03HD094577, R01HD079076)
- National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research (R01HD079076, R03HD094577)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Keywords
- derealization, trauma exposure, post-traumatic stress disorder, neural correlates, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, resting-state functional connectivity, emotional reactivity, prognostic factors, child abuse, depression, anxiety, pain, functional disability, AURORA study
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Dissociative Disorders, Emotions, Humans, Prospective Studies, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
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