Cited by 1,316Racial and Ethnic Identity ResearchCounseling Practices and SupervisionSocial and Intergroup Psychology

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Racism and Psychological and Emotional Injury: Recognizing and Assessing Race-Based Traumatic Stress

Carter, Robert T.·2007·The Counseling Psychologist

DOI 10.1177/0011000006292033

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Abstract

The purpose of this article is to discuss the psychological and emotional effects of racism on people of Color. Psychological models and research on racism, discrimination, stress, and trauma will be integrated to promote a model to be used to understand, recognize, and assess race-based traumatic stress to aid counseling and psychological assessment, research, and training.

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Authors: Carter, R. T.
Affiliations: Columbia University (US)
Corresponding author: Carter, Robert T.
ORCID: Carter, Robert T.
Venue: The Counseling Psychologist
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2007-01
Volume: 35
Issue: 1
Pages: 13-105
ISSN: 0011-0000 (ISSN-L)
1552-3861
DOI: 10.1177/0011000006292033
OpenAlex: W2138480196
Cited by: 1,316
References: 182
Citations by year: 2026: 95 · 2025: 126 · 2024: 94 · 2023: 111 · 2022: 150 · 2021: 111 · 2020: 141 · 2019: 84 · 2018: 68 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 37
FWCI: 32.40
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: The Counseling Psychologist (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Counseling Practices and Supervision
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Keywords: racism, psychological harm, psychological trauma, people of color, racial trauma, discrimination, stress, trauma, psychological assessment, counseling

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Racism and Psychological and Emotional Injury: Recognizing and Assessing Race-Based Traumatic Stress

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