Exploring coping mediators between heterosexist oppression and posttraumatic stress symptoms among lesbian, gay, and bisexual persons
Abstract
Recently, scholars have begun to advocate that categories of traumatic events be expanded to include experiences that do not meet the traditional diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), such as oppression. Our study builds on this work by examining experiences with two kinds of heterosexist oppression, one that meets the traditional diagnostic criteria for PTSD (i.e., sexual orientation-based hate crime victimization) and one that does not (i.e., heterosexist discrimination), as predictors of PTSD symptoms in a sample of 427 gay, lesbian and bisexual persons who responded to an online survey. In addition, we examined the mediating roles of coping with heterosexism via internalization, detachment, and drug and alcohol use in the heterosexist oppression-PTSD symptoms link. Results indicated that when examined concurrently, both sexual orientation-based hate crime victimization and heterosexist discrimination had direct and unique links to PTSD symptoms. In addition, the results of the mediational analysis using bootstrapping provided support for a theorized model in which coping with oppressive events via internalization, detachment, and drug and alcohol use mediated the link between heterosexist discrimination and PTSD symptoms but not between sexual orientation-based hate crime victimization and PTSD symptoms. Finally, the five variables in the model accounted for 42% of the variance in PTSD severity.
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Stressful experiences may lead to feelings of powerlessness, helplessness, and confusion, which might lead to a predisposition toward heightened maladaptive coping and lowered adaptive coping.
“Stressful experiences may lead to feelings of powerlessness, helplessness, and confusion, which might lead to a predisposition toward heightened maladaptive coping and lowered adaptive coping [14,15].”
From Associations between COVID-19 Work-Related Stressors and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms among Chinese Doctors and Nurses: Application of Stress-Coping Theory (2022) · cites this paper as [14]
In previous pre-COVID studies, stressful and traumatic events were associated with maladaptive coping.
“In previous pre-COVID studies, stressful and traumatic events were associated with maladaptive coping [14,15]”
From Associations between COVID-19 Work-Related Stressors and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms among Chinese Doctors and Nurses: Application of Stress-Coping Theory (2022) · cites this paper as [14]
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- Authors
- Bandermann, K. M., & Szymanski, D. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Tennessee at Knoxville (US)
- ORCID
- Szymanski, Dawn M.
- Venue
- Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity
- Published
- 2014-09
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 213-224
- ISSN
- 2329-0382 (ISSN-L)
- 2329-0390
- OpenAlex
- W1973937288
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 6.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Keywords
- posttraumatic stress symptoms, coping, internalization, detachment, alcohol and drug use
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