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Cited by 191Job Satisfaction and Organizational BehaviorRecreation, Leisure, Wilderness ManagementWork-Family Balance Challenges

Crafting one’s leisure time in response to high job strain

Open access
Petrou, Paraskevas, Bakker, Arnold B·2016·Human Relations
DOI 10.1177/0018726715590453
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Abstract

The present study addresses employee leisure crafting as the proactive pursuit and enactment of leisure activities targeted at goal setting, human connection, learning and personal development. Study 1 developed a measure for leisure crafting and provided evidence for its reliability and validity. In study 2, we followed 80 employees over the course of three weeks. We hypothesized that weekly leisure crafting would be more likely during weeks of high job strain (i.e. high quantitative job demands and low job autonomy) combined with sufficient autonomy at home, and during weeks of high activity at home (i.e. high quantitative home demands and high home autonomy). Furthermore, we predicted that weekly leisure crafting would relate positively to weekly satisfaction of basic human needs. Results indicated that leisure crafting was pronounced during weeks with high job strain combined with high home autonomy. However, an active home condition (i.e. high home demands and high home autonomy) was unrelated to leisure crafting. Weekly leisure crafting further related positively to weekly satisfaction of relatedness and autonomy (but not competence) needs. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings for the job crafting and leisure literatures.

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  • Achieving goals and gaining new skills and competencies can satisfy individuals and produce a positive mood.

    “Goal accomplishment as well as the acquisition of new skills and competencies can be satisfying for individuals, generating a positive mood (Petrou and Bakker, 2016;Preenen et al., 2014).”

    From Work hard or play hard: the effect of leisure crafting on opportunity recognition and venture performance (2023) · cites this paper as Petrou and Bakker, 2016

  • Leisure crafting is an agentic behavior that gives people a beneficial route to generate and obtain resources including energy, motivation, self-efficacy, and knowledge.

    “LC is an agentic behavior that provides a beneficial pathway for individuals to generate and acquire useful resources, such as energy, motivation, self-efficacy, and knowledge, (Bandura, 1997;Hobfoll, 1998;Petrou and Bakker, 2016).”

    From Work hard or play hard: the effect of leisure crafting on opportunity recognition and venture performance (2023) · cites this paper as Petrou and Bakker, 2016

  • Research on the nonwork domain alone does not account for how individuals can behave agentically at work to generate and restore thriving-at-work resources.

    “However, research on the nonwork domain alone does not account for the ways in which individuals can behave agentically at work to generate and restore these thriving at work resources (Gerbasi et al., 2015;Geurts and Demerouti, 2003;Petrou and Bakker, 2016;Ren et al., 2022).”

    From Work hard or play hard: the effect of leisure crafting on opportunity recognition and venture performance (2023) · cites this paper as Petrou and Bakker, 2016

  • Earlier leisure crafting research has stressed its role in satisfying needs and creating meaning.

    “Prior research on LC has emphasized the important role that it plays in individuals' need satisfaction and meaningmaking (Petrou and Bakker, 2016;Petrou et al., 2017).”

    From Work hard or play hard: the effect of leisure crafting on opportunity recognition and venture performance (2023) · cites this paper as Petrou and Bakker, 2016

  • Leisure crafting allows individuals to stop drawing on energy resources needed for work while also learning and growing, thus increasing their learning and energy resources.

    “On the one hand, LC allows individuals to stop drawing on the energic resources required for accomplishing work, while also allowing them to learn and grow, thus increasing their learning and energic resources (Petrou and Bakker, 2016;Petrou et al., 2017;Weigelt and Prem, 2021).”

    From Work hard or play hard: the effect of leisure crafting on opportunity recognition and venture performance (2023) · cites this paper as Petrou and Bakker, 2016

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  1. Professor Bakker is also distinguished Visiting Professor at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. Bakker is Past President of the European Association of Work and Organizational Psychology. He is particularly interested in positive organizational phenomena, including work engagement, happiness, job demands-resources (JD-R) theory, job crafting, crea- tivity and job performance. Bakker publishes regularly in the main journals in the field, including Journal of Organizational Behavior and Journal of Vocational Behavior. He is editor of Current Issues in Work and Organizational Psychology (Psychology Press) and Advances in Positive Organizational Psychology (Emerald). More information may be found at: www.arnoldbakker. com or www.profarnoldbakker.com. [Email: bakker@fsw.eur.nl ]

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Authors
Petrou, P., & Bakker, A. B.
Affiliations
Erasmus University Rotterdam (NL)
Corresponding author
  • Petrou, Paraskevas
  • Bakker, Arnold B
ORCID
Venue
Human Relations
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2015-10-12
Volume
69
Issue
2
Pages
507-529
ISSN
  • 0018-7267 (ISSN-L)
  • 1741-282X
DOI
10.1177/0018726715590453
OpenAlex
W2301505882
Cited by
190
References
64
Citations by year
2026: 25 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 2
FWCI
11.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Human Relations (publishedVersion)
  • EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Work-Family Balance Challenges
Keywords
leisure crafting, job strain, job demands, employee autonomy, home demands, basic psychological needs, relatedness, autonomy, competence, leisure, goal setting, human connection, human development, job crafting

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