Cited by 584Social and Intergroup PsychologyDeath Anxiety and Social ExclusionPsychology of Social Influence

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When Beliefs Yield to Evidence: Reducing Biased Evaluation by Affirming the Self

Cohen, Geoffrey L., Aronson, Joshua, Steele, Claude M.·2000·Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

DOI 10.1177/01461672002611011

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Abstract

People often cling to beliefs even in the face of disconfirming evidence and interpret ambiguous information in a manner that bolsters strongly held attitudes. The authors tested a motivational account suggesting that these defensive reactions would be ameliorated by an affirmation of an alternative source of self-worth. Consistent with this interpretation, participants were more persuaded by evidence impugning their views toward capital punishment when they were self-affirmed than when they were not (Studies 1 and 2). Affirmed participants also proved more critical of an advocate whose arguments confirmed their views on abortion and less confident in their own attitudes regarding that issue than did unaffirmed participants (Study 3). Results suggest that assimilation bias and resistance to persuasion are mediated, in part, by identity-maintenance motivations.

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Authors: Cohen, G. L., Aronson, J., & Steele, C. M.
Affiliations: Yale University (US)
The University of Texas at Austin (US)
Stanford University (US)
Corresponding author: Cohen, Geoffrey L.
ORCID: Cohen, Geoffrey L.
Venue: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2000-11
Volume: 26
Issue: 9
Pages: 1151-1164
ISSN: 0146-1672 (ISSN-L)
1552-7433
DOI: 10.1177/01461672002611011
OpenAlex: W2041949427
Cited by: 584
References: 51
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 34
FWCI: 16.71
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychology of Social Influence
Keywords: self-affirmation, resistance to persuasion, identity preservation, motivated reasoning, belief updating, disconfirming evidence, abortion attitudes

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When Beliefs Yield to Evidence: Reducing Biased Evaluation by Affirming the Self

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