The DOI matches its Crossref record; 70 of the 71 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Narcissism, Self-Esteem, and the Positivity of Self-Views: Two Portraits of Self-Love
Abstract
The authors hypothesized that both narcissism and high self-esteem are associated with positive self-views but each is associated with positivity in different domains of the self. Narcissists perceive themselves as better than average on traits reflecting an agentic orientation (e.g., intellectual skills, extraversion) but not on those reflecting a communal orientation (e.g., agreeableness, morality). In contrast, high-self-esteem individuals perceive themselves as better than average both on agentic and communal traits. Three studies confirmed the hypothesis. In Study 1, narcissists rated themselves as extraverted and open to experience but not as more agreeable or emotionally stable. High-self-esteem individuals rated themselves highly on all of these traits except openness. In Study 2, narcissists (but not high-self-esteem individuals) rated themselves as better than their romantic partners. In Study 3, narcissists rated themselves as more intelligent, but not more moral, than the average person. In contrast, high-self-esteem individuals viewed themselves as more moral and more intelligent.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Third, narcissists’ beliefs regarding their own superiority tend to go hand in hand with beliefs of others’ inferiority (Back et al., 2013; Campbell et al., 2002; Kong, 2015; Krizan & Bushman, 2011; Park, Ferrero, Colvin, & Carney, 2013).”
From The "Why" and "How" of Narcissism: A Process Model of Narcissistic Status Pursuit (2020) · cites this paper as Campbell et al., 2002
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, narcissists often believe that they possess superior intellect, even when their actual IQ scores are not on par (Campbell et al., 2002; Dufner, Denissen, et al., 2013).”
From The "Why" and "How" of Narcissism: A Process Model of Narcissistic Status Pursuit (2020) · cites this paper as Campbell et al., 2002
Citations
Cites
Society and the Adolescent Self-Image
Rosenberg, M. (1965) · doi:10.1515/9781400876136 · Cited by 30,126
Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Cohen, P., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410606266 · Cited by 20,870
Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Kemp, F. (2003) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series D (The Statistician) · doi:10.1046/j.1467-9884.2003.t01-2-00383_4.x · Cited by 9,294
Journal of social behavior and personality
(1986) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(86)90025-5 · Cited by 6,751
Handbook of Personality : Theory and Research
Pervin, L. A. (1992) · Cited by 4,543
Handbook of personality theory and research
Wilson, G. (1991) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(91)90043-b · Cited by 3,562
Self-esteem as an interpersonal monitor: The sociometer hypothesis
Leary, M. R., Tambor, E. S., Terdal, S. K., & Downs, D. L. (1995) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.68.3.518 · Cited by 2,519
Raskin, R., & Terry, H. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.5.890 · Cited by 2,273
(2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315736945-36 · Cited by 2,232
Unraveling the Paradoxes of Narcissism: A Dynamic Self-Regulatory Processing Model
Morf, C. C., & Rhodewalt, F. (2001) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1204_1 · Cited by 2,215
Research works printed but not linked: 9
- Campbell, W. K., 2001, A meta-analysis of the narcissism-self-esteem link
- Campbell, W. K., 2001, Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Vol. 2. Interpersonal processes, 437
- Campbell, W. K., Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
- Jackson, L. A., 1996, Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 11, 273
- 10.1037/0021-843X.101.1.165 · DOI
- 10.1037/0022-3514.71.6.1155 · DOI
- Rudich, E. A., 1999, The Need for Attention Scale
- Sedikides, C., 2001, It’s a matter of self-esteem: Narcissism as predictor of mental health
- Watson, P. J., 1984, Journal of Personality Assessment, 45, 159
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 865
Dong, Y. H., Wen, W., Zhang, D., & Fang, Y. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105521 · Cited by 15
Jelić, M. (2022) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103592 · Cited by 12
Narcissism and Perceived Inequity in Attractiveness in Romantic Relationships
Rohmann, E., Bierhoff, H., & Schmohr, M. (2010) · European Psychologist · doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000025 · Cited by 16
Alexander, K. N. (2011) · ScholarWorks@BGSU (Bowling Green State University) · Cited by 15
Does Self-Enhancement Have Implications for Adjustment?
Lönnqvist, J., Leikas, S., Verkasalo, M., & Paunonen, S. V. (2008) · Basic and Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/01973530802502374 · Cited by 15
Fatfouta, R., & Schröder–Abé, M. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.10.010 · Cited by 15
Petroni, S. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-92663-6_9 · Cited by 16
The influence of environmental and social characteristics on women's mate preferences
Burtăverde, V., & Ene, C. A. (2021) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2021.110736 · Cited by 19
Personality, Internet Addiction, and Other Technological Addictions
Hussain, Z., & Pontes, H. M. (2017) · Advances in human and social aspects of technology book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-3477-8.ch003 · Cited by 14
Perceived Control Theory of Narcissism
Brown, A. A. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-92171-6_3 · Cited by 14
Early material parenting and adolescents’ materialism: the mediating role of overt narcissism
Li, J., Wang, X., Wu, X., & Guo, Y. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02196-3 · Cited by 14
Kanemasa, Y., Miyagawa, Y., & Arai, T. (2022) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2022.111714 · Cited by 15
Maske, M. K., & Sohn, M. (2023) · European Accounting Review · doi:10.1080/09638180.2023.2235379 · Cited by 13
Gebauer, J. E., Haddock, G., Broemer, P., & von Hecker, U. (2013) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0033482 · Cited by 14
Physiological and health-related correlates of the narcissistic personality
Konrath, S., & Bonadonna, J. P. (2014) · IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) · Cited by 14
Kamalinasab, Z., & Mohammadkhani, P. (2018) · Practice in Clinical Psychology · doi:10.29252/nirp.jpcp.6.1.9 · Cited by 13
Gratitude in franchisor-franchisee relationships: does personality matter?
Quach, S., Weaven, S. K., Thaichon, P., Baker, B. L., & Edwards, C. (2019) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/ejm-07-2018-0458 · Cited by 14
Mück, M., Ohmann, K., Dummel, S., Mattes, A., Thesing, U., & Stähl, J. (2020) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-020-00818-0 · Cited by 15
Agency and communion in social comparisons
Locke, K. D. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139035583.003 · Cited by 14
Through rose-coloured glasses: An empirical test of narcissistic overestimation
Lobbestael, J., de Bruin, A., Kok, E., & Voncken, M. (2016) · Personality and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/pmh.1347 · Cited by 13
Grandiose (communal and agentic) narcissism and predicted (dis)obedience in the Milgram paradigm
Zdunek, R. R., Czarna, A. Z., & Sedikides, C. (2022) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2022.111514 · Cited by 13
Self-citationZhang, X., Zhou, L., & Savalei, V. (2022) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/00131644221111402 · Cited by 15
Khanchel, I., Lassoued, N., & Khiari, C. (2024) · Journal of Organizational Change Management · doi:10.1108/jocm-02-2023-0047 · Cited by 17
Wood, A. D., Borja, K., & Hoke, L. (2020) · Organizational Behavior Teaching Review · doi:10.1177/1052562920965626 · Cited by 16
Fazli-Salehi, R., Torres, I. M., Madadi, R., & Zúñiga, M. Á. (2021) · Journal of Consumer Marketing · doi:10.1108/jcm-02-2020-3658 · Cited by 13
Is Paranoia a Defence against or an Expression of Low Self–Esteem?
Cicero, D. C., & Kerns, J. G. (2010) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.794 · Cited by 13
Ethnicity, Ethnic Identity, and Adolescent Narcissism
Pickard, J. D., Barry, C. T., Wallace, M. T., & Zeigler‐Hill, V. (2012) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2012.693258 · Cited by 15
Is narcissism associated with baseline cortisol in men and women?
Wardecker, B. M., Chopik, W. J., LaBelle, O. P., & Edelstein, R. S. (2016) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2016.07.006 · Cited by 12
Qureshi, S. U., Ashfaq, J., Hassan, M. U., & Imdadullah, M. (2015) · Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences · Cited by 13
Sexual narcissism and its association with sexual and well-being outcomes
Klein, V., Reininger, K. M., Briken, P., & Turner, D. (2019) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.109557 · Cited by 14
Leonelli, S., Pietro, F. D., & Masciarelli, F. (2020) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-78973-507-920201007 · Cited by 13
Turning narcissists into prosocial agents: explaining young people’s online donation behavior
Paramita, W., Septianto, F., Rostiani, R., Winahjoe, S., & Audita, H. (2020) · Young Consumers Insight and Ideas for Responsible Marketers · doi:10.1108/yc-11-2019-1070 · Cited by 13
Burch, G. S. J., & Anderson, N. R. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511596544.046 · Cited by 13
Finding Meaning in the Mirror: The Existential Pursuits of Narcissists
Sedikides, C., Hart, C. M., Cisek, S. Z., & Routledge, C. D. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6527-6_15 · Cited by 13
Self-citationAssessment of Youth Narcissism
Barry, C. T., & Ansel, L. L. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118093108.ch14 · Cited by 13
Bosson, J. K., & Weaver, J. R. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118093108.ch23 · Cited by 13
Aytaç, M. B. (2022) · İşletme Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi · doi:10.33416/baybem.1041678 · Cited by 12
Fang, Y., Liu, Y., Yu, P., & Chen, N. (2024) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-024-03159-2 · Cited by 15
Liang, T., Wang, X., Ng, S., Xu, X., & Ning, Z. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1403530 · Cited by 15
Park, H., & Yoo, Y.-T. (2017) · Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) · doi:10.19030/jabr.v33i4.9990 · Cited by 12
Brito, F. W. C., & de Freitas, A. A. F. (2019) · PASOS Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural · doi:10.25145/j.pasos.2019.17.008 · Cited by 12
Kim, Y., Nan, D., & Kim, J. H. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.707074 · Cited by 13
Brugués, G., & Caparrós, B. (2022) · Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1080/24732850.2022.2028395 · Cited by 12
“Need” personality constructs and preferences for different types of self-relevant feedback
Vaughan‐Johnston, T. I., & Jacobson, J. A. (2019) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.109671 · Cited by 11
Adolescent Social Goal Development: Mean-Level Changes and Prediction by Self-Esteem and Narcissism
Ojanen, T. J., & Nostrand, D. F.-V. (2020) · The Journal of Genetic Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221325.2020.1792401 · Cited by 14
Zajenkowski, M., & Gignac, G. E. (2021) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2021.101595 · Cited by 12
Attentional bias for performance-related words in individuals with narcissism
Gu, Y., He, N., & Zhao, G. (2013) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.05.009 · Cited by 12
Liu, Z., Zhou, R., Wei, L., Ouyang, X., & Zhou, K. (2021) · Chinese Management Studies · doi:10.1108/cms-08-2021-0347 · Cited by 11
Sularsih, A., Armelly, A., Salim, M., Odilawati, W., Saputra, F. E., & Atmaja, F. T. (2023) · Cogent Business & Management · doi:10.1080/23311975.2023.2285768 · Cited by 11
Ego vs. reality: Narcissism and the discrepancy between academic expectations and achievement
Zajenkowski, M., & Gignac, G. E. (2024) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2024.102466 · Cited by 12
Consumer Emotions and Personality Traits in Augmented Reality
Soon, P., & Lim, W. M. (2025) · Journal of Consumer Behaviour · doi:10.1002/cb.70000 · Cited by 11
Bright side of narcissism: elevated ownership and initiative
Mao, J.-Y., Quan, J., Chiang, J., & Qing, T. (2020) · Nankai Business Review International · doi:10.1108/nbri-11-2019-0057 · Cited by 9
Narcissistic admiration and rivalry and reactions to romantic breakup
Seidman, G., & Schlott, B. (2021) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2021.111342 · Cited by 11
SabzehAra, M., Ferguson, Y. L., Sarafraz, M. R., & Mohammadi, M. (2013) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224545.2013.843501 · Cited by 14
Salazar, L. R. (2013) · Cited by 11
Sedikides, C., Luke, M. A., & Hepper, E. G. (2016) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.12407 · Cited by 11
Self-citationAnwar, M., Mahmood, B., & HANIF, M. K. (2016) · Journal of behavioural sciences · Cited by 11
Forster, S., Drueke, B., Britz, S., Gauggel, S., & Mainz, V. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0217870 · Cited by 9
Digital signatures: a tool to prevent and predict dishonesty?
Koning, L., Junger, M., & van Hoof, J. J. (2020) · Mind & Society · doi:10.1007/s11299-020-00237-1 · Cited by 10
Evolutionary Personality Psychology
Lewis, D. M. G., Al-Shawaf, L., & Buss, D. M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.022 · Cited by 11
Fenzel, J. L. (2013) · UWM Digital Commons (University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee) · Cited by 11
Wood, H. J. (2016) · HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies · doi:10.4102/hts.v72i3.3401 · Cited by 11
Narcissism, Shame, and Aggression in Early Adolescence: On Vulnerable Children
Thomaes, S. C. E. (2007) · Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) · Cited by 11
The Development of Machiavellianism, Psychopathy, and Narcissism in Young Adulthood
Wolff, C., & Wetzel, E. (2023) · Collabra Psychology · doi:10.1525/collabra.77870 · Cited by 12
Wojtyna, E., Hyla, M., & Hachuła, A. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13092705 · Cited by 12
Lachowicz‐Tabaczek, K., & Bajcar, B. (2017) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2016.1270850 · Cited by 11
Otterbring, T., Festila, A., & Folwarczny, M. (2021) · Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cresp.2021.100023 · Cited by 10
Król, T., Wojtyna, E., Hyla, M., Michalik, P., & Michalski, T. (2022) · European Review of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.erap.2022.100814 · Cited by 11
Low self-esteem elicits greater mobilization of attentional resources toward emotional stimuli
Li, H., & Yang, J. (2013) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2013.05.071 · Cited by 10
Measuring Narcissism Within Add Health: The Development and Validation of a New Scale
Davis, M. S., & Brunell, A. B. (2012) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2012.00833.x · Cited by 12
Theoretical Perspectives on Narcissism and Social Media: The Big (and Beautiful) Picture
Campbell, W. K., & McCain, J. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-92171-6_48 · Cited by 10
Self-citationDark Triad traits and perceived quality of alternative partners
Brewer, G., Erickson, E., Whitaker, L., & Lyons, M. T. (2019) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.109633 · Cited by 10
When does being in a talent pool reap benefits? The moderating role of narcissism
Kanabar, J., & Fletcher, L. (2020) · Human Resource Development International · doi:10.1080/13678868.2020.1840846 · Cited by 10
Development of Personality across the Life Span
Atherton, O. E., Donnellan, M. B., & Robins, R. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.017 · Cited by 15
He, Y. (2022) · Journal of Advertising · doi:10.1080/00913367.2022.2027298 · Cited by 12
Narcissism and Self-Esteem Revisited : The Mediating Roles of Perceived Status and Inclusion
Zeigler‐Hill, V., & Vonk, J. M. (2022) · Identity · doi:10.1080/15283488.2022.2081572 · Cited by 9
Different Forms of Narcissism and Leadership
Gauglitz, I. K. (2021) · Zeitschrift für Psychologie · doi:10.1027/2151-2604/a000480 · Cited by 10
Narcissism and self-versus recipient-oriented imagery in charitable giving.
Kang, E., & Lakshmanan, A. (2018) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167218764658 · Cited by 9
Sprawność intelektualna osób o odmiennych chronotypach
Jankowski, K. S. (2021) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487515.rozdzial10 · Cited by 8
Inteligencja a funkcjonowanie w bliskich związkach
Leniarska, M., & Zajenkowski, M. (2021) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487515.rozdzial11 · Cited by 8
Inteligencja a agresja. Czy wysokie IQ może uchronić przed wkroczeniem na ścieżkę przestępczą?
Bodecka-Zych, M. (2021) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487515.rozdzial03 · Cited by 8
Inteligentny sport: o związkach inteligencji z aktywnością fizyczną i poziomem wykonania sportowego
Waleriańczyk, W., & Stolarski, M. (2021) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487515.rozdzial09 · Cited by 8
How narcissism biases food healthiness perceptions and consumption
Lunardo, R., & Gross, J. (2023) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.21930 · Cited by 9
Elibol, Ş. S., & Tok, E. S. S. (2019) · Ayna Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi · doi:10.31682/ayna.515625 · Cited by 13
Are C hinese narcissists disagreeable? Evidence from self‐ and peer‐ratings of agreeableness
Zhou, H., Zhang, B., Yang, X., & Chen, X. (2014) · Asian Journal Of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/ajsp.12086 · Cited by 9
Zhou, X., Feng, C., He, L., & Gao, D. (2008) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/10478400802644496 · Cited by 8
Southard, A. C., Zeigler‐Hill, V., Vrabel, J. K., & McCabe, G. A. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-92171-6_26 · Cited by 9
Zhong, M., Gao, Z., & Song, L. J. (2022) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2022.103721 · Cited by 13
The humiliation experience: Causes, emotional correlates, and behavioral consequences.
McCarley, K. E. (2009) · Digital Commons - DU (University of Denver) · Cited by 9
Do consumer choices augment narcissism? The role of self-referent processing
Kokkoris, M. D., Sedikides, C., & Kühnen, U. (2018) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2018.1486881 · Cited by 9
Self-citationSouth, S. C., Reichborn‐Kjennerud, T., Eaton, N. R., & Krueger, R. F. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118133880.hop205001 · Cited by 9
Narcissism and Self-Esteem: A Nomological Network AnalysisPreprint
Hyatt, C. S., Sleep, C. E., Sedikides, C., Campbell, W. K., & Miller, J. (2018) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/2tx8q · Cited by 9
Self-citationFiguring Out How Others See Us
Elsaadawy, N., & Carlson, E. N. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190912529.013.12 · Cited by 8
What predicts well-being: connectedness to oneself, nature, others, or the transcendent?
Rahe, M., & Jansen, P. (2024) · Cogent Psychology · doi:10.1080/23311908.2024.2371024 · Cited by 8
Zheng, X., Wu, B., Li, C. S., Zhang, P., & Tang, N. (2019) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-019-09666-3 · Cited by 8
Approach–Avoidance Theories of Personality
Corr, P. J., & Krupıć, D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.025 · Cited by 12
An, Z., Zou, Y., Wu, S., Tong, S., & Peng, K. (2024) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.70010 · Cited by 12
Analyse comparative du leadership transformationnel et du leadership narcissique
Ouimet, G. (2012) · Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations · doi:10.1016/s1420-2530(16)30084-x · Cited by 10
Campbell, W. K., & Siedor, L. E. (2016) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781316225608.010 · Cited by 8
Self-citationLachowicz‐Tabaczek, K., & Bajcar, B. (2018) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.04.039 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Campbell, W. K., Rudich, E. A., & Sedikides, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Georgia (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- University of Southampton (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Campbell, W. Keith
- Venue
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2002-03
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 358-368
- ISSN
- 0146-1672 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-7433
- OpenAlex
- W2139236723
- Cited by
- 866
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 102 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 78 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 60 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 48 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 11.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Keywords
- narcissism, self-esteem, self-view, self-perception, agentic traits, communal traits, Big Five personality traits, extraversion, agreeableness, emotional stability, openness to experience, intelligence, morality, romantic partners, self-enhancement
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review