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Facilitating Adaptive Emotional Analysis: Distinguishing Distanced-Analysis of Depressive Experiences From Immersed-Analysis and Distraction

Kross, Ethan, Ayduk, Ozlem·2008·Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

DOI 10.1177/0146167208315938

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Abstract

Two studies examined the psychological processes that facilitate adaptive emotional analysis. In Study 1, participants recalled a depression experience and then analyzed their feelings from either a self-immersed (immersed-analysis) or self-distanced (distanced-analysis) perspective. Participants in the distanced-analysis group focused less on recounting their experience and more on reconstruing it, which in turn led to lower levels of depressed affect. Furthermore, comparisons to a distraction group indicated that distanced-analysis was as effective as distraction in reducing depressed affect relative to the immersed-analysis group. Study 2 replicated these findings and showed that both 1 day and 7 days after the experimental manipulations, participants in the distanced-analysis group remained buffered against depressed affect and reported experiencing fewer recurring thoughts about their depression experience over time compared to both the immersed-analysis and distraction groups.

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Authors: Kross, E., & Ayduk, O.
Affiliations: Columbia University (US)
University of California, Berkeley,
Corresponding author: Kross, Ethan
ORCID: Kross, Ethan
Venue: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2008-05-09
Volume: 34
Issue: 7
Pages: 924-938
ISSN: 0146-1672 (ISSN-L)
1552-7433
DOI: 10.1177/0146167208315938
OpenAlex: W2025906891
Cited by: 390
References: 68
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 23.12
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (MH39349)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health via Writing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
Keywords: depression, depressive affect, emotion regulation, distraction, autobiographical memory, thought suppression, rumination
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Attention, Awareness, Depression, Female, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Life Change Events, Male, Problem Solving, Psychotherapy, Mental Recall, Repression, Psychology, Thinking, Self Psychology

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