CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 2,331Leadership and Management in OrganizationsJob Satisfaction and Organizational BehaviorWorkplace Spirituality and Leadership

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 119 of the 121 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Servant Leadership: A Review and Synthesis

van Dierendonck, Dirk·2011·Journal of Management
DOI 10.1177/0149206310380462
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Servant leadership is positioned as a new field of research for leadership scholars. This review deals with the historical background of servant leadership, its key characteristics, the available measurement tools, and the results of relevant studies that have been conducted so far. An overall conceptual model of servant leadership is presented. It is argued that leaders who combine their motivation to lead with a need to serve display servant leadership. Personal characteristics and culture are positioned alongside the motivational dimension. Servant leadership is demonstrated by empowering and developing people; by expressing humility, authenticity, interpersonal acceptance, and stewardship; and by providing direction. A high-quality dyadic relationship, trust, and fairness are expected to be the most important mediating processes to encourage self-actualization, positive job attitudes, performance, and a stronger organizational focus on sustainability and corporate social responsibility.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/0149206310380462

Cites

119 of 119 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Show all 121 references

Research works printed but not linked: 26

  1. Bass, B.M., 1985, Leadership and performance: Beyond expectations
  2. Block, P., Keynote address, 2005 International Servant-Leadership Conference, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of Americas
  3. Burns, J.M., 1978, Leadership
  4. Carl, D., 2004, Power distance
  5. Dannhauser, Z., Paper presented at the Servant Leadership Roundtable at Regent University
  6. Dannhauser, Z., 2007, International Journal of Leadership Studies, 2, 148
  7. Earnhardt, M.P., Paper presented at the Servant Leadership Roundtable at Regent University
  8. Giacalone, R.A., 2003, Toward a science of workplace spirituality
  9. Hebert, S.C., 2003, The relationship of perceived servant leadership and job satisfaction from the follower’s perspective
  10. Horsman, J.H., 2001, Perspectives of servant-leadership and spirit in organizations
  11. Irving, J.A., 2007, International Journal of Leadership Studies, 2, 98
  12. Kabasakal, H., 2004, Humane orientation in societies, organizations, and leader attributes
  13. Kohlberg, L., 1969, Stage and sequence: The cognitive developmental approach to socialization
  14. Laub, J.A., 1999, Dissertation Abstracts International, 60, 308A
  15. Liden, R.C., 1998, Journal of Management, 24, 43
  16. Luthans, F., 2003, Authentic leadership development
  17. Matteson, J.A., Paper presented at the Servant Leadership Roundtable at Regent University
  18. McCullough, M.E., 2000, What we know (and need to know) about assessing forgiveness constructs
  19. McGee-Cooper, A., 2001, The essentials of servant-leadership: Principles in practice
  20. Page, D., 2000, A conceptual framework for measuring servant leadership
  21. Reinke, S.J., 2004, Global Virtue Ethics Review, 3, 30
  22. Sipe, J.W., 2009, Seven pillars of servant leadership: Practicing the wisdom of leading by serving
  23. West, G.R.B., Paper presented at the Servant Leadership Roundtable at Regent University
  24. Winston, B.E., Paper presented at the Servant Leadership Roundtable at Regent University
  25. Winston, B.E., 2008, International Journal of Leadership Studies, 3, 212
  26. Wong, P.T.P., Paper presented at the Servant Leadership Research Roundtable, Regent University

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 2,331

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
van Dierendonck, D.
Affiliations
Erasmus University,
Venue
Journal of Management
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2010-09-02
Volume
37
Issue
4
Pages
1228-1261
ISSN
  • 0149-2063 (ISSN-L)
  • 1557-1211
DOI
10.1177/0149206310380462
OpenAlex
W2107975803
Semantic Scholar
0ae1a1103aa20c6d2826cfbef8291ae16ef9268b
Cited by
2,218
References
121
Citations by year
2026: 160 · 2025: 172 · 2024: 188 · 2023: 284 · 2022: 252 · 2021: 195 · 2020: 180 · 2019: 167 · 2018: 141 · 2017: 120 · 2016: 105 · 2015: 86 · 2014: 83 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 29
FWCI
76.32
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
  • Journal of Management (publishedVersion)
  • EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion)
  • EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Leadership and Management in Organizations
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Workplace Spirituality and Leadership
Keywords
servant leadership, leadership motivation, organizational culture, empowerment, humility, authenticity, interpersonal acceptance, stewardship, trust, fairness, self-realization, employee attitudes, employee performance, organizational sustainability, corporate social responsibility

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review