Cited by 445Social and Intergroup PsychologyWorkplace Violence and BullyingNames, Identity, and Discrimination Research

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Not So Subtle: A Meta-Analytic Investigation of the Correlates of Subtle and Overt Discrimination

Jones, Kristen P., Peddie, Chad I., Gilrane, Veronica L., King, Eden B., Gray, Alexis L.·2016·Journal of Management

DOI 10.1177/0149206313506466

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Abstract

Extant research suggests subtle, interpersonal forms of discrimination, though often normalized and overlooked, may be just as detrimental to targets as compared to more traditional, overt forms of discrimination. To further examine this question, we meta-analyzed the current literature to estimate the relationship between discrimination and a host of psychological, physical health, and work-related correlates as a function of its form (subtle or overt). Analysis of 90 effect sizes suggested that subtle and overt forms of discrimination hold relationships of comparable magnitude with a host of adverse correlates. By demonstrating that these two forms of discrimination are not differentially related to relevant outcomes, our findings call into serious question the pervasive belief that subtle discrimination is less consequential for targets as compared to overt discrimination (Landy, 2008; McWhorter, 2008). Taken together, our results suggest that subtle discrimination is at least as important to consider and address as its overt counterpart. Implications for organizational scholars and practitioners are discussed.

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Authors: Jones, K. P., Peddie, C. I., Gilrane, V. L., King, E. B., & Gray, A. L.
Affiliations: George Mason University (US)
Human Resources Research Organization (US)
Corporate Executive Board (United States) (US)
Federal Management Partners (US)
Corresponding author: Jones, Kristen P.
ORCID: Jones, Kristen P.
King, Eden B.
Venue: Journal of Management
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2016-07-10
Volume: 42
Issue: 6
Pages: 1588-1613
ISSN: 0149-2063 (ISSN-L)
1557-1211
DOI: 10.1177/0149206313506466
OpenAlex: W2114929751
Cited by: 445
References: 133
Citations by year: 2026: 36 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 14
FWCI: 30.98
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Management (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Workplace Violence and Bullying
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Names, Identity, and Discrimination Research
Keywords: subtle discrimination, overt discrimination, interpersonal discrimination, mental health, physical health, work-related outcomes, organizational behavior

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Not So Subtle: A Meta-Analytic Investigation of the Correlates of Subtle and Overt Discrimination

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