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Using Bifactor Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling to Test for a Continuum Structure of Motivation
Abstract
This paper explores the nature of workplace motivation by testing the continuum structure of motivation proposed by self-determination theory through the application of relatively new and advanced methodological techniques. Specifically, we demonstrate the usefulness of the overarching bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling framework in organizational psychology and discuss implications of such models over more traditional confirmatory factor analyses. This framework is applied to responses obtained from 1,124 Canadian employees who completed a multidimensional measure of workplace motivation. The results support a continuum of self-regulation and illustrate the importance of accounting for quality of motivation in addition to its global quantity. Indeed, the results showed that specific types of motivation explained variance in covariates over and above the variance already explained by the global quantity of self-determination. The current study further demonstrates the limitation of the commonly used relative autonomy index and offers alternate conceptualizations of human motivation.
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Self-Determination Theory in Work Organizations: The State of a Science
Deci, E. L., Olafsen, A. H., & Ryan, R. M. (2017) · Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113108 · Cited by 3,199
Student Motivation and Associated Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis From Self-Determination Theory
Howard, J. L., Bureau, J., Guay, F., Chong, J. X. Y., & Ryan, R. M. (2021) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691620966789 · Cited by 1,001
Self-citationTesting a continuum structure of self-determined motivation: A meta-analysis.
Howard, J. L., Gagné, M., & Bureau, J. S. (2017) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000125 · Cited by 447
Self-citationLeader autonomy support in the workplace: A meta-analytic review
Slemp, G. R., Kern, M. L., Patrick, K. J., & Ryan, R. M. (2018) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-018-9698-y · Cited by 407
Van den Broeck, A., Howard, J. L., Van Vaerenbergh, Y., Leroy, H., & Gagné, M. (2021) · Organizational Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/20413866211006173 · Cited by 409
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Gillet, N., Morin, A. J. S., & Reeve, J. (2017) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2017.08.006 · Cited by 252
Self-citationLitalien, D., Morin, A. J. S., Gagné, M., Vallerand, R. J., Losier, G. F., & Ryan, R. M. (2017) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2017.06.010 · Cited by 163
Self-citationPerreira, T. A., Morin, A. J. S., Hebert, M., Gillet, N., Houle, S. A., & Berta, W. (2018) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2017.12.004 · Cited by 130
Self-citationSánchez-Oliva, D., Morin, A. J. S., Teixeira, P. J., Carraça, E. V., Palmeira, A. L., & Silva, M. N. (2017) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2016.12.001 · Cited by 111
Self-citationPutting the pieces together: reviewing the structural conceptualization of motivation within SDT
Howard, J. L., Gagné, M., & Morin, A. J. S. (2020) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-020-09838-2 · Cited by 109
Self-citationLitalien, D., Gillet, N., Gagné, M., Ratelle, C. F., & Morin, A. J. S. (2019) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2019.01.005 · Cited by 83
Self-citationMcLarnon, M. J. W., & Tarraf, R. C. (2017) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.02.049 · Cited by 61
On the temporal stability of self-determined work motivation profiles: a latent transition analysis
Fernet, C., Litalien, D., Morin, A. J. S., Austin, S., Gagné, M., Lavoie-Tremblay, M., & Forest, J. (2020) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2019.1688301 · Cited by 61
Self-citationSelf-Determination Theory and HCI Games Research: Unfulfilled Promises and Unquestioned Paradigms
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Toward an Improved Understanding of Work Motivation Profiles
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Self-citationBeyond Intrinsic Motivation: The Role of Autonomous Motivation in User Experience
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Yang, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.768320 · Cited by 36
A test of work motivation profile similarity across four distinct samples of employees
Gillet, N., Morin, A. J. S., Ndiaye, A., Colombat, P., & Fouquereau, E. (2020) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/joop.12322 · Cited by 34
Self-citationSelf-determined profiles of academic motivation
Tóth-Király, I., Morin, A. J. S., Litalien, D., Valuch, M., Bőthe, B., Orosz, G., & Rigó, A. (2022) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-021-09918-x · Cited by 32
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Metadata
- Authors
- Howard, J. L., Gagné, M., Morin, A. J. S., & Forest, J.
- Venue
- Journal of Management
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2016-04-25
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 2638-2664
- ISSN
- 0149-2063 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-1211
- OpenAlex
- W2344398625
- Cited by
- 258
- References
- 79
- FWCI
- 25.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
- Funders
- Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
- Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Société et la Culture
- Australian Postgraduate Award
- Australian Research Council
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