Using the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale With Early Adolescents: Factor Structure, Reliability, Stability, and External Validity
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The present investigation is the first examination of the factor structures, reliability, external validity, longitudinal invariance, and stability of the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (DJGLS), as used with early adolescents. It is based on a two-wave, large, representative sample of Polish primary school pupils. The results demonstrate that the model most reflective of the factor structure of the DJGLS is the bifactor model, which assumes the occurrence of one, highly reliable, general factor (overall sense of loneliness) and two, relatively irrelevant, subfactors. Essential unidimensionality (the general factor accounting for three fourth of the common variance) suggest that the interpretation of the subfactors over and above the general factor is inappropriate. The longitudinal confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the bifactor structure of the DJGLS is invariant over time. Correlations with self-rated loneliness, sociometric acceptance/rejection, social self-efficacy, identification with class group, family structure, and gender provide support for the validity of the DJGLS. This implies that it could be used as a measure of loneliness in adolescence, which does not involve references to the school context, making it possible to conduct studies that go beyond school period and compare the intensity of the feeling of loneliness in that group with other age groups.
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Loneliness was not a primary or major secondary outcome of the main trial, so measures differentiating social and emotional loneliness were not considered.
“Given that loneliness was not a primary or major secondary outcome of the main trial examining the efficacy of LifeBuoy, measures that differentiate between social and emotional loneliness, such as the DeJong-Gierveld Loneliness Scale [45], were not considered”
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- Authors
- Grygiel, P., Humenny, G., & Rębisz, S.
- Affiliations
- Educational Research Institute – National Research Institute (PL)
- Jagiellonian University (PL)
- University of Rzeszów (PL)
- Corresponding author
- Grygiel, Paweł
- Venue
- Assessment
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2016-12-08
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 151-165
- ISSN
- 1073-1911 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-3489
- OpenAlex
- W2560395880
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 121
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 1.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- ruj.uj.edu.pl
- Licence
- Locations
- Assessment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Homo Politicus (Academy of Humanities and Economics in Lodz) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, loneliness, early adolescents, factor structure, bifactor model, longitudinal measurement invariance, reliability statistics, generalizability, social self-efficacy, family structure, gender differences, elementary school students
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Educational Status, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Loneliness, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Parents, Peer Group, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sex Factors, Social Identification, Reproducibility of Results, Self Efficacy, Single-Parent Family
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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