Cited by 674Psychedelics and Drug StudiesPosttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchElectroconvulsive Therapy Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 67 of the 67 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The safety and efficacy of ±3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy in subjects with chronic, treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder: the first randomized controlled pilot study

Open access

Mithoefer, Michael C, Wagner, Mark T, Mithoefer, Ann T, Jerome, Lisa, Doblin, Rick·2011·Journal of Psychopharmacology

DOI 10.1177/0269881110378371PMC PMC3122379

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Case reports indicate that psychiatrists administered ±3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) as a catalyst to psychotherapy before recreational use of MDMA as 'Ecstasy' resulted in its criminalization in 1985. Over two decades later, this study is the first completed clinical trial evaluating MDMA as a therapeutic adjunct. Twenty patients with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder, refractory to both psychotherapy and psychopharmacology, were randomly assigned to psychotherapy with concomitant active drug (n = 12) or inactive placebo (n = 8) administered during two 8-h experimental psychotherapy sessions. Both groups received preparatory and follow-up non-drug psychotherapy. The primary outcome measure was the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, administered at baseline, 4 days after each experimental session, and 2 months after the second session. Neurocognitive testing, blood pressure, and temperature monitoring were performed. After 2-month follow-up, placebo subjects were offered the option to re-enroll in the experimental procedure with open-label MDMA. Decrease in Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale scores from baseline was significantly greater for the group that received MDMA than for the placebo group at all three time points after baseline. The rate of clinical response was 10/12 (83%) in the active treatment group versus 2/8 (25%) in the placebo group. There were no drug-related serious adverse events, adverse neurocognitive effects or clinically significant blood pressure increases. MDMA-assisted psychotherapy can be administered to posttraumatic stress disorder patients without evidence of harm, and it may be useful in patients refractory to other treatments.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/0269881110378371

Cites

67 of 67 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Prevalence, Severity, and Comorbidity of 12-Month DSM-IV Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
Kessler, R. C., Chiu, W. T., Demler, O., & Walters, E. E. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.617 · Cited by 12,052
Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information.
Foa, E. B., & Kozak, M. J. (1986) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.99.1.20 · Cited by 5,396
Combat Duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, Mental Health Problems, and Barriers to Care
Hoge, C. W., Castro, C. A., Messer, S. C., McGurk, D., Cotting, D. I., & Koffman, R. L. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa040603 · Cited by 4,778
Oxytocin increases trust in humans
Kosfeld, M., Heinrichs, M., Zak, P. J., Fischbacher, U., & Fehr, E. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03701 · Cited by 3,690
The Impact of Event Scale: Revised
Weiss, D. S. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-70990-1_10 · Cited by 3,074
The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS): preliminary clinical validity
Randolph, C., Tierney, M. C., Mohr, E., & Chase, T. N. (1998) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1076/jcen.20.3.310.823 · Cited by 2,519
Paced Auditory Serial-Addition Task: A Measure of Recovery from Concussion
Gronwall, D. M. A. (1977) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1977.44.2.367 · Cited by 2,395
Clinician-administered PTSD scale: A review of the first ten years of research
Weathers, F. W., Keane, T. M., & Davidson, J. R. T. (2001) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.1029 · Cited by 1,903
Invisible Wounds of War: Psychological and Cognitive Injuries, Their Consequences, and Services to Assist Recovery
Adamson, D. M., Burnam, M. A., Burns, R. M., Caldarone, L. B., Cox, R. A., D’Amico, E. J., Díaz, C., Eibner, C., Fisher, G., Helmus, T. C., et al. (2008) · RAND Corporation eBooks · doi:10.7249/mg720 · Cited by 1,713
Effective Treatments for PTSD
Freeman, A. M. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v62n1112 · Cited by 1,667

Show all 67 references

Research works printed but not linked: 14

Breslau N, 2001, J Clin Psychiatry, 62, 16
Cloitre M, 2009, CNS Spectr, 14, 32
Committee on Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Institute of Medicine, 2008, Posttraumatic stress disorder: an assessment of the evidence
Derogatis LR, 1994, SCL-90-R: Administration, Scoring and Procedures Manual
First MB, 1997, Structured clinical interview for Axis II DSM-IV disorders: Patient Edition (SCID II)
First MB, 1994, Structured clinical interview for Axis I DSM -IV disorders: Patient Edition (SCID-I/P)
Grof S, 2000, Psychology of the Future
Ipser J, 2006, S Afr Med J, 96, 1088
Metzner R, 2001, Ecstasy: the complete guide, 182
Ogden PKM, 2006, Trauma and the body
Pahnke WN, 1971, Int J Clin Pharmacol, 4, 446
Stein DJ, 2009, CNS Spectr, 14, 25
10.1038/sj.npp.1395197 · DOI · Paper page
Wilbarger P, 1997, Sensory defensiveness and related social/emotional and neurological problems

Sorted by citations

Psychedelics
Nichols, D. E. (2016) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.115.011478 · Cited by 1,762
Psychedelics promote structural and functional neural plasticity
Ly, C., Greb, A. C., Cameron, L. P., Wong, J. M., Barragan, E. V., Wilson, P. C., Burbach, K. F., Soltanzadeh Zarandi, S., Sood, A., Paddy, M. R., et al. (2018) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.022 · Cited by 1,207
Psychological therapies for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults
Bisson, J. I., Roberts, N. P., Andrew, M., Cooper, R., & Lewis, C. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003388.pub4 · Cited by 829
Serotonin and brain function: a tale of two receptors
Carhart-Harris, R., & Nutt, D. (2017) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881117725915 · Cited by 739
Evidence-based pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder: A revision of the 2005 guidelines from the British Association for Psychopharmacology
Baldwin, D. S., Anderson, I. M., Nutt, D. J., Allgulander, C., Bandelow, B., den Boer, J. A., Christmas, D. M., Davies, S., Fineberg, N., Lidbetter, N., et al. (2014) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881114525674 · Cited by 676
Psychedelics and Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy
Reiff, C. M., Richman, E. E., Nemeroff, C. B., Carpenter, L. L., Widge, A. S., Rodriguez, C. I., Kalin, N. H., McDonald, W. M., & and the Work Group on Biomarkers and Novel Treatments, A. D. O. T. A. P. A. C. O. R. (2020) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.19010035 · Cited by 649
Treating PTSD: A Review of Evidence-Based Psychotherapy Interventions
Watkins, L. E., Sprang, K. R., & Rothbaum, B. O. (2018) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00258 · Cited by 563
Post‐traumatic stress disorder: a state‐of‐the‐art review of evidence and challenges
Bryant, R. A. (2019) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20656 · Cited by 528
A Systematic Prediction of Multiple Drug-Target Interactions from Chemical, Genomic, and Pharmacological Data
Yu, H., Chen, M., Xu, X. J., Li, Y., Zhao, H., Fang, Y., Li, X., Zhou, W., Wang, W., & Wang, Y. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0037608 · Cited by 426
Prolonged Exposure Therapy for PTSD
Foa, E. B., Hembree, E. A., ROTHBAUM, B. O., & Rauch, S. A. M. (2019) · doi:10.1093/med-psych/9780190926939.001.0001 · Cited by 436
Pharmacology of cognitive enhancers for exposure-based therapy of fear, anxiety and trauma-related disorders
Singewald, N., Schmuckermair, C., Whittle, N., Holmes, A., & Ressler, K. J. (2015) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.12.004 · Cited by 390
“patients from the placebo group after last assessment (Mithoefer et al., 2011)”
BackgroundInfluential
A randomized, controlled pilot study of MDMA (±3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine)-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of resistant, chronic Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Oehen, P., Traber, R., Widmer, V., & Schnyder, U. (2012) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881112464827 · Cited by 424
Durability of improvement in post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and absence of harmful effects or drug dependency after 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy: a prospective long-term follow-up study
Mithoefer, M. C., Wagner, M. T., Mithoefer, A. T., Jerome, L., Martin, S. F., Yazar‐Klosinski, B., Michel, Y., Brewerton, T. D., & Doblin, R. (2012) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881112456611 · Cited by 399
RETRACTED ARTICLE: MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials
Mithoefer, M. C., Feduccia, A. A., Jerome, L., Mithoefer, A., Wagner, M., Walsh, Z., Hamilton, S., Yazar-Klosinski, B., Emerson, A., & Doblin, R. (2019) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-019-05249-5 · Cited by 359
Retracted
MDMA enhances emotional empathy and prosocial behavior
Hysek, C. M., Schmid, Y., Simmler, L. D., Domes, G., Heinrichs, M., Eisenegger, C., Preller, K. H., Quednow, B. B., & Liechti, M. E. (2014) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nst161 · Cited by 356
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in military veterans, firefighters, and police officers: a randomised, double-blind, dose-response, phase 2 clinical trial
Mithoefer, M. C., Mithoefer, A. T., Feduccia, A. A., Jerome, L., Wagner, M., Wymer, J., Holland, J., Hamilton, S., Yazar-Klosinski, B., Emerson, A., et al. (2018) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(18)30135-4 · Cited by 439
Effects of Schedule I drug laws on neuroscience research and treatment innovation
Nutt, D., King, L. A., & Nichols, D. E. (2013) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3530 · Cited by 355
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Bisson, J. I., Cosgrove, S., Lewis, C., & Roberts, N. P. (2015) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.h6161 · Cited by 342
Reduction in social anxiety after MDMA-assisted psychotherapy with autistic adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study
Danforth, A. L., Grob, C. S., Struble, C., Feduccia, A. A., Walker, N., Jerome, L., Yazar-Klosinski, B., & Emerson, A. (2018) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-018-5010-9 · Cited by 280
The hidden therapist: evidence for a central role of music in psychedelic therapy
Kaelen, M., Giribaldi, B., Raine, J., Evans, L., Timmermann, C., Rodriguez, N., Roseman, L., Feilding, A., Nutt, D., & Carhart-Harris, R. L. (2018) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4820-5 · Cited by 303
Reviewing the Potential of Psychedelics for the Treatment of PTSD
Krediet, E., Bostoen, T., Breeksema, J., van Schagen, A., Passie, T., & Vermetten, E. (2020) · International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyaa018 · Cited by 260
Designer drugs: mechanism of action and adverse effects
Luethi, D., & Liechti, M. E. (2020) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-020-02693-7 · Cited by 262
Inclusion of people of color in psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy: a review of the literature.
Michaels, T. I., Purdon, J., Collins, A., & Williams, M. T. (2018) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-018-1824-6 · Cited by 265
Hallucinogens in Mental Health: Preclinical and Clinical Studies on LSD, Psilocybin, MDMA, and Ketamine
Gregorio, D. D., Aguilar‐Valles, A., Preller, K. H., Heifets, B. D., Hibicke, M., Mitchell, J., & Gobbi, G. (2020) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1659-20.2020 · Cited by 279
Is Ecstasy an “Empathogen”? Effects of +/- 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine on Prosocial Feelings and Identification of Emotional States in Others
Bedi, G., Hyman, D., & de Wit, H. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.08.003 · Cited by 247
LSD Acutely Impairs Fear Recognition and Enhances Emotional Empathy and Sociality
Dolder, P. C., Schmid, Y., Müller, F., Borgwardt, S., & Liechti, M. E. (2016) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2016.82 · Cited by 247
Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy: A Paradigm Shift in Psychiatric Research and Development
Schenberg, E. E. (2018) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00733 · Cited by 270
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in PTSD: Pathophysiology and treatment interventions
Dunlop, B. W., & Wong, A. (2018) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.10.010 · Cited by 271
Novel psychopharmacological therapies for psychiatric disorders: psilocybin and MDMA
Mithoefer, M. C., Grob, C. S., & Brewerton, T. D. (2016) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00576-3 · Cited by 253
Psychedelics in Psychiatry: Neuroplastic, Immunomodulatory, and Neurotransmitter Mechanisms
Inserra, A., De Gregorio, D., & Gobbi, G. (2021) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pharmrev.120.000056 · Cited by 232
The psychedelic renaissance and the limitations of a White-dominant medical framework: A call for indigenous and ethnic minority inclusion
George, J. R., Michaels, T. I., Sevelius, J. M., & Williams, M. T. (2019) · Journal of Psychedelic Studies · doi:10.1556/2054.2019.015 · Cited by 230
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized phase 2 controlled trial
Marcela Ot’alora, G., Grigsby, J., Poulter, B., Derveer, J. W. V., Giron, S. G., Jerome, L., Feduccia, A. A., Hamilton, S., Yazar‐Klosinski, B., Emerson, A., et al. (2018) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881118806297 · Cited by 252
Developing Guidelines and Competencies for the Training of Psychedelic Therapists
Phelps, J. (2017) · Journal of Humanistic Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022167817711304 · Cited by 225
Psychedelic treatments for psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and thematic synthesis of patient experiences in qualitative studies
Breeksema, J. J., Niemeijer, A. R., Krediet, E., Vermetten, E., & Schoevers, R. A. (2020) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-020-00748-y · Cited by 224
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD: Are memory reconsolidation and fear extinction underlying mechanisms?
Feduccia, A. A., & Mithoefer, M. C. (2018) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.03.003 · Cited by 217
A Meta-Analysis of Placebo-Controlled Trials of Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy
Luoma, J. B., Chwyl, C., Bathje, G. J., Davis, A. K., & Lancelotta, R. (2020) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2020.1769878 · Cited by 212
Clinical applications of hallucinogens: a review
Garcia-Romeu, A., Kersgaard, B., & Addy, P. H. (2016) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000084 · Cited by 201
Current perspectives on psychedelic therapy: use of serotonergic hallucinogens in clinical interventions
Garcia‐Romeu, A., & Richards, W. A. (2018) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2018.1486289 · Cited by 210
Psychedelic medicine: a re-emerging therapeutic paradigm
Tupper, K. W., Wood, E., Yensen, R., & Johnson, M. W. (2015) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.141124 · Cited by 187
Psychedelics: Where we are now, why we got here, what we must do
Belouin, S. J., & Henningfield, J. E. (2018) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.02.018 · Cited by 218
Human psychobiology of MDMA or ‘Ecstasy’: an overview of 25 years of empirical research
Parrott, A. C. (2013) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.2318 · Cited by 190
Adverse events in clinical treatments with serotonergic psychedelics and MDMA: a mixed-methods systematic review.
Breeksema, J. J., Kuin, B. W., Kamphuis, J., van den Brink, W., Vermetten, E., & Schoevers, R. A. (2022) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811221116926 · Cited by 178
The Effects of Acutely Administered 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine on Spontaneous Brain Function in Healthy Volunteers Measured with Arterial Spin Labeling and Blood Oxygen Level–Dependent Resting State Functional Connectivity
Carhart-Harris, R. L., Murphy, K., Leech, R., Erritzøe, D., Wall, M. B., Ferguson, B., Williams, L. T. J., Roseman, L., Brugger, S. P., Meer, I. D., et al. (2014) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.12.015 · Cited by 187
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of anxiety and other psychological distress related to life-threatening illnesses: a randomized pilot study
Wolfson, P. E., Andries, J., Feduccia, A. A., Jerome, L., Wang, J. B., Williams, E., Carlin, S. C., Sola, E., Hamilton, S., Yazar-Klosinski, B., et al. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-75706-1 · Cited by 169
Effects of N,N-Dimethyltryptamine on Rat Behaviors Relevant to Anxiety and Depression
Cameron, L. P., Benson, C. J., Dunlap, L. E., & Olson, D. E. (2018) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00134 · Cited by 171
Breakthrough for Trauma Treatment: Safety and Efficacy of MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy Compared to Paroxetine and Sertraline
Feduccia, A. A., Jerome, L., Yazar-Klosinski, B., Emerson, A., Mithoefer, M. C., & Doblin, R. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00650 · Cited by 172
Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy—A Systematic Review of Associated Psychological Interventions
Cavarra, M., Falzone, A., Ramaekers, J. G., Kuypers, K. P. C., & Mento, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.887255 · Cited by 171
Comparative Efficacy and Acceptability of Pharmacological, Psychotherapeutic, and Combination Treatments in Adults With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Merz, J., Schwarzer, G., & Gerger, H. (2019) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0951 · Cited by 178
The prosocial effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): Controlled studies in humans and laboratory animals
Kamilar-Britt, P., & Bedi, G. (2015) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.08.016 · Cited by 163
Therapeutic effect of increased openness: Investigating mechanism of action in MDMA-assisted psychotherapy
Wagner, M. T., Mithoefer, M. C., Mithoefer, A. T., MacAulay, R. K., Jerome, L., Yazar-Klosinski, B., & Doblin, R. (2017) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881117711712 · Cited by 160
Self-citation
Legal highs: staying on top of the flood of novel psychoactive substances
Baumeister, D., Tojo, L. M., & Tracy, D. K. (2015) · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/2045125314559539 · Cited by 162
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials
Jerome, L., Feduccia, A. A., Wang, J. B., Hamilton, S., Yazar-Klosinski, B., Emerson, A., Mithoefer, M. C., & Doblin, R. (2020) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05548-2 · Cited by 159
Retracted
Lifetime experience with (classic) psychedelics predicts pro-environmental behavior through an increase in nature relatedness
Forstmann, M., & Sagioglou, C. (2017) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881117714049 · Cited by 175
Differential effects of MDMA and methylphenidate on social cognition
Schmid, Y., Hysek, C. M., Simmler, L. D., Crockett, M. J., Quednow, B. B., & Liechti, M. E. (2014) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881114542454 · Cited by 155
The Norepinephrine Transporter Inhibitor Reboxetine Reduces Stimulant Effects of MDMA (“Ecstasy”) in Humans
Hysek, C. M., Simmler, L. D., Ineichen, M., Grouzmann, E., Hoener, M. C., Brenneisen, R., Huwyler, J., & Liechti, M. E. (2011) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1038/clpt.2011.78 · Cited by 152
Mechanisms of Action and Persistent Neuroplasticity by Drugs of Abuse
Korpi, E. R., den Hollander, B., Farooq, U., Vashchinkina, E., Rajkumar, R., Nutt, D. J., Hyytiä, P., & Dawe, G. S. (2015) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.115.010967 · Cited by 148
Understanding Resilience and Preventing and Treating PTSD
Horn, S. R. G.-V., & Feder, A. (2018) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000194 · Cited by 162
PTSD: from neurobiology to pharmacological treatments
Kelmendi, B., Adams, T., Yarnell, S. C., Southwick, S., Abdallah, C., & Krystal, J. (2016) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v7.31858 · Cited by 136
Safety pharmacology of acute MDMA administration in healthy subjects
Vizeli, P., & Liechti, M. E. (2017) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881117691569 · Cited by 157
MDMA enhances “mind reading” of positive emotions and impairs “mind reading” of negative emotions
Hysek, C. M., Domes, G., & Liechti, M. E. (2012) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2645-9 · Cited by 144
MDMA‐Assisted Psychotherapy for Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review With Meta‐Analysis
Smith, K. W., Sicignano, D. J., Hernández, A. V., & White, C. M. (2021) · The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1002/jcph.1995 · Cited by 147
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine facilitates fear extinction learning
Young, M. B., Andero, R., Ressler, K. J., & Howell, L. L. (2015) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2015.138 · Cited by 141
Oxytocin and psychotherapy: a pilot study of its physiological, behavioral and subjective effects in males with depression
MacDonald, K., MacDonald, T. M., Brüne, M., Lamb, K., Wilson, M. P., Golshan, S., & Feifel, D. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.05.014 · Cited by 140
A review of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy
Sessa, B., Higbed, L., & Nutt, D. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00138 · Cited by 141
Serotonin toxicity of serotonergic psychedelics
Malcolm, B., & Thomas, K. (2022) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-021-05876-x · Cited by 138
Psychedelic drugs—a new era in psychiatry?
Nutt, D. (2019) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2019.21.2/dnutt · Cited by 147
Zebrafish neurobehavioral phenomics for aquatic neuropharmacology and toxicology research
Kalueff, A. V., Echevarria, D. J., Homechaudhuri, S., Stewart, A., Collier, A. D., Kaluyeva, A. A., Li, S., Liu, Y., Chen, P., Wang, J., et al. (2015) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.08.007 · Cited by 129
First study of safety and tolerability of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy in patients with alcohol use disorder
Sessa, B., Higbed, L., O’Brien, S., Durant, C. F., Sakal, C., Titheradge, D., Williams, T. M., Rose‐Morris, A., Brew-Girard, E., Burrows, S., et al. (2021) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881121991792 · Cited by 149
Acute prosocial effects of oxytocin and vasopressin when given alone or in combination with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine in rats: involvement of the V1A receptor
Ramos, L., Hicks, C., Kevin, R., Caminer, A., Narlawar, R., Kassiou, M., & McGregor, I. S. (2013) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2013.125 · Cited by 128
My Mind Is Mine!? Cognitive Liberty as a Legal Concept
Bublitz, J.-C. (2013) · Trends in augmentation of human performance · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6253-4_19 · Cited by 128
Acute effects of LSD on amygdala activity during processing of fearful stimuli in healthy subjects
Müller, F., Lenz, C., Dolder, P. C., Harder, S., Schmid, Y., Lang, U. E., Liechti, M. E., & Borgwardt, S. (2017) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2017.54 · Cited by 131
Therapeutic mechanisms of classic hallucinogens in the treatment of addictions: from indirect evidence to testable hypotheses
Bogenschutz, M. P., & Pommy, J. M. (2012) · Drug Testing and Analysis · doi:10.1002/dta.1376 · Cited by 130
Intranasal oxytocin as strategy for medication-enhanced psychotherapy of PTSD: salience processing and fear inhibition processes
Koch, S. B. J., van Zuiden, M., Nawijn, L., Frijling, J. L., Veltman, D. J., & Olff, M. (2014) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.11.018 · Cited by 123
Direct comparison of the acute subjective, emotional, autonomic, and endocrine effects of MDMA, methylphenidate, and modafinil in healthy subjects
Dolder, P. C., Müller, F., Schmid, Y., Borgwardt, S. J., & Liechti, M. E. (2018) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4650-5 · Cited by 117
MDMA, serotonergic neurotoxicity, and the diverse functional deficits of recreational ‘Ecstasy’ users
Parrott, A. C. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.04.016 · Cited by 118
A Survey of American Psychiatrists' Attitudes Toward Classic Hallucinogens
Barnett, B. S., Siu, W. O., & Pope, H. G. (2018) · Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000828 · Cited by 116
Residual neurocognitive features of long‐term ecstasy users with minimal exposure to other drugs
Halpern, J. H., Sherwood, A. R., Hudson, J. I., Gruber, S. A., Kozin, D., & Pope, H. G. (2010) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03252.x · Cited by 118
The early use of MDMA (‘Ecstasy') in Psychotherapy (1977–1985)
Passie, T. (2018) · Drug Science Policy and Law · doi:10.1177/2050324518767442 · Cited by 116
The clinical pharmacology and potential therapeutic applications of 5‐methoxy‐N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (5‐MeO‐DMT)
Reckweg, J. T., Uthaug, M. V., Szabó, A., Davis, A. K., Lancelotta, R., Mason, N. L., & Ramaekers, J. G. (2022) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.15587 · Cited by 126
The influence of therapists’ first-hand experience with psychedelics on psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy research and therapist training
Nielson, E. M., & Guss, J. R. (2018) · Journal of Psychedelic Studies · doi:10.1556/2054.2018.009 · Cited by 111
MDMA-assisted therapy: A new treatment model for social anxiety in autistic adults
Danforth, A. L., Struble, C. M., Yazar‐Klosinski, B., & Grob, C. S. (2015) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.03.011 · Cited by 120
The future of psychopharmacology: a critical appraisal of ongoing phase 2/3 trials, and of some current trends aiming to de‐risk trial programmes of novel agents
Correll, C. U., Solmi, M., Cortese, S., D, M. F. M., Højlund, M., KRAEMER, H. C., McIntyre, R. S., Pine, D. S., Schneider, L. S. S., & Kane, J. M. (2023) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.21056 · Cited by 115
The effect of acutely administered MDMA on subjective and BOLD-fMRI responses to favourite and worst autobiographical memories
Carhart-Harris, R. L., Wall, M. B., Erritzoe, D., Kaelen, M., Ferguson, B., De Meer, I., Tanner, M., Bloomfield, M., Williams, T. M., Bolstridge, M., et al. (2014) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145713001405 · Cited by 108
Inhibition of serotonin transporters disrupts the enhancement of fear memory extinction by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)
Young, M. B., Norrholm, S. D., Khoury, L. M., Jovanovic, T., Rauch, S. A. M., Reiff, C. M., Dunlop, B. W., Rothbaum, B. O., & Howell, L. L. (2017) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4684-8 · Cited by 108
The effects of MDMA on socio-emotional processing: Does MDMA differ from other stimulants
Bershad, A. K., Miller, M. A., Baggott, M. J., & de Wit, H. (2016) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881116663120 · Cited by 106
Dark Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
Dunlap, L. E., Andrews, A. M., & Olson, D. E. (2018) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00155 · Cited by 106
Social, policy, and public health perspectives on new psychoactive substances
Sumnall, H. R., Evans-Brown, M. J., & McVeigh, J. (2011) · Drug Testing and Analysis · doi:10.1002/dta.310 · Cited by 99
MDMA and PTSD treatment
Sessa, B. (2017) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2016.07.004 · Cited by 97
MDMA alters emotional processing and facilitates positive social interaction
Wardle, M. C., & de Wit, H. (2014) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3570-x · Cited by 96
“…that these prosocial effects motivate MDMA use (Sumnall et al. 2006; Ter Bogt and Engels 2005), and recent evidence suggests these prosocial effects may have clinical value in psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD; Mithoefer et al. 2011; Mithoefer et al. 2013; Oehen et al. 2013).”
Does Psychedelic Therapy Have a Transdiagnostic Action and Prophylactic Potential?
Kočárová, R., Horáček, J., & Carhart-Harris, R. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.661233 · Cited by 96
A review of emerging therapeutic potential of psychedelic drugs in the treatment of psychiatric illnesses
Chi, T., & Gold, J. A. (2020) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2020.116715 · Cited by 95
The Psychedelic Renaissance in Clinical Research: A Bibliometric Analysis of Three Decades of Human Studies with Psychedelics
Hadar, A. A., David, J., Shalit, N., Roseman, L., Gross, R., Sessa, B., & Lev‐Ran, S. (2022) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2021.2022254 · Cited by 103
Integrating psychotherapy and psychopharmacology: psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy and other combined treatments
Greenway, K. T., Garel, N., Jerome, L., & Feduccia, A. A. (2020) · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1080/17512433.2020.1772054 · Cited by 94
Augmentation of Extinction and Inhibitory Learning in Anxiety and Trauma-Related Disorders
Lebois, L. A. M., Seligowski, A. V., Wolff, J. D., Hill, S. B., & Ressler, K. J. (2019) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095634 · Cited by 97
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): current perspectives
Meyer, J. (2013) · Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation · doi:10.2147/sar.s37258 · Cited by 93
The 21st century psychedelic renaissance: heroic steps forward on the back of an elephant
Sessa, B. (2017) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4713-7 · Cited by 98
Combining Cognitive-Behavioral Conjoint Therapy for PTSD with 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): A Case Example
Wagner, A. C., Mithoefer, M. C., Mithoefer, A. T., & Monson, C. M. (2019) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2019.1589028 · Cited by 92
Models of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy: A contemporary assessment and an introduction to EMBARK, a transdiagnostic, trans-drug model
Brennan, W., & Belser, A. B. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.866018 · Cited by 90
Drug-drug interactions between psychiatric medications and MDMA or psilocybin: a systematic review
Sarparast, A., Thomas, K., Malcolm, B., & Stauffer, C. S. (2022) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-022-06083-y · Cited by 88
Treating posttraumatic stress disorder with MDMA-assisted psychotherapy: A preliminary meta-analysis and comparison to prolonged exposure therapy
Amoroso, T., & Workman, M. (2016) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881116642542 · Cited by 95

Authors: Mithoefer, M. C., Wagner, M. T., Mithoefer, A. T., Jerome, L., & Doblin, R.
Affiliations: Private Practice of Psychiatry and Clinical Research, Mount Pleasant SC, USA.
Medical University of South Carolina (US)
Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (US)
Corresponding author: Mithoefer, Michael C
ORCID: Mithoefer, Michael C
Jerome, Lisa
Doblin, Rick
Venue: Journal of Psychopharmacology
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2010-07-19
Volume: 25
Issue: 4
Pages: 439-452
ISSN: 0269-8811 (ISSN-L)
1461-7285
DOI: 10.1177/0269881110378371
PMC: PMC3122379
OpenAlex: W2089149909
Cited by: 674
References: 67
Citations by year: 2026: 30 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 75 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 59 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 26
FWCI: 29.42
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: correction (2011-06-01)
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
Keywords: MDMA-assisted psychotherapy, MDMA, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, post-traumatic stress disorder, treatment-resistant PTSD, chronic PTSD, psychedelic therapy, Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, adverse events, neurocognitive effects, blood pressure
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Double-Blind Method, Fear, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Music Therapy, Pilot Projects, Placebos, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychotherapy, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Treatment Outcome, Serotonin Agents, Cross-Over Studies, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The safety and efficacy of ±3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy in subjects with chronic, treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder: the first randomized controlled pilot study

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks