LSD Acutely Impairs Fear Recognition and Enhances Emotional Empathy and Sociality
Open accessAbstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is used recreationally and has been evaluated as an adjunct to psychotherapy to treat anxiety in patients with life-threatening illness. LSD is well-known to induce perceptual alterations, but unknown is whether LSD alters emotional processing in ways that can support psychotherapy. We investigated the acute effects of LSD on emotional processing using the Face Emotion Recognition Task (FERT) and Multifaceted Empathy Test (MET). The effects of LSD on social behavior were tested using the Social Value Orientation (SVO) test. Two similar placebo-controlled, double-blind, random-order, crossover studies were conducted using 100 μg LSD in 24 subjects and 200 μg LSD in 16 subjects. All of the subjects were healthy and mostly hallucinogen-naive 25- to 65-year-old volunteers (20 men, 20 women). LSD produced feelings of happiness, trust, closeness to others, enhanced explicit and implicit emotional empathy on the MET, and impaired the recognition of sad and fearful faces on the FERT. LSD enhanced the participants' desire to be with other people and increased their prosocial behavior on the SVO test. These effects of LSD on emotion processing and sociality may be useful for LSD-assisted psychotherapy.
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LSD dose-dependently increased emotional empathy, with significant effects at 200 μg.
“LSD dose-dependently increased emotional empathy with significant effects at 200 µg (33).”
From Modulation of Social Cognition via Hallucinogens and “Entactogens” (2019) · cites this paper as [33]
LSD at 100 and 200 μg decreased cognitive empathy on the MET.
“In contrast, LSD (100 and 200 µg) decreased cognitive empathy on the MET (33).”
From Modulation of Social Cognition via Hallucinogens and “Entactogens” (2019) · cites this paper as [33]
Psychedelic doses of LSD at 100 and 200 μg impaired the recognition of fearful and sad faces on the FERT.
“However, psychedelic doses of LSD (100 and 200 µg) impaired the recognition of fearful and sad faces on the FERT (33).”
From Modulation of Social Cognition via Hallucinogens and “Entactogens” (2019) · cites this paper as [33]
Increases in closeness and trust during peak effects after LSD administration at 200 μg have been shown to be in a similar range.
“Increases in closeness and trust during peak effects after LSD administration (200 µg) have been shown to be in a similar range (33, 40).”
From Modulation of Social Cognition via Hallucinogens and “Entactogens” (2019) · cites this paper as [33]
Studies showed that, like MDMA, both psilocybin and LSD significantly modulate social processing and have acute pro-social effects.
“Studies showed that, like MDMA, both psilocybin and LSD, significantly modulate social processing and have acute pro-social effects (11, 12, 33, 34).”
From Modulation of Social Cognition via Hallucinogens and “Entactogens” (2019) · cites this paper as [33]
Increased altruistic behavior on the Social Value Orientation Test was also induced by LSD at 100 and 200 μg in combined groups.
“Increased altruistic behavior on the SVO was also induced by LSD (100 and 200 µg, combined groups) (33).”
From Modulation of Social Cognition via Hallucinogens and “Entactogens” (2019) · cites this paper as [33]
LSD decreased the correct interpretation of ecologically valid stimuli, and psilocybin decreased the ability to infer negative emotions from the eye region.
“In contrast to psilocybin and MDMA, LSD decreased the correct interpretation of ecologically valid stimuli (33) and psilocybin decreased the ability to infer negative emotions from the eye region (60).”
From Modulation of Social Cognition via Hallucinogens and “Entactogens” (2019) · cites this paper as [33]
LSD and MDMA have shown some dose-dependent effects on empathy and altruistic behavior, indicating that robust modulations are measurable at doses of 100 mg MDMA/100μg LSD and above.
“LSD and MDMA have shown some dose-dependent effects on empathy and altruistic behavior (10, 33, 51), indicating that robust modulations are measurable at doses of 100 mg MDMA/100µg LSD and above.”
From Modulation of Social Cognition via Hallucinogens and “Entactogens” (2019) · cites this paper as [33]
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Psychedelics, Sociality, and Human Evolution
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Self-citationModulation of Social Cognition via Hallucinogens and “Entactogens”
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Role of the 5-HT2A Receptor in Acute Effects of LSD on Empathy and Circulating Oxytocin
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“54 d Four studies collected complaints in the subacute follow-up using a standardized list of complaints: three of these studies reported no change, 29,39,41 one study reported an increase in complaints after 1 day but not 1 week.”
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Relational Processes in Ayahuasca Groups of Palestinians and Israelis
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The effect of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on whole-brain functional and effective connectivity
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Dolder, P. C., Schmid, Y., Müller, F., Borgwardt, S., & Liechti, M. E.
- Affiliations
- University Hospital of Basel (CH)
- University of Basel (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Liechti, Matthias E
- Venue
- Neuropsychopharmacology
- Published
- 2016-06-01
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2638-2646
- ISSN
- 0893-133X (ISSN-L)
- 1740-634X
- PMC
- PMC5026740
- OpenAlex
- W2413573456
- Cited by
- 247
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 26.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- edoc (University of Basel) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Universität Basel
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (320030_1449493, 320030)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- lysergic acid diethylamide, LSD, acute drug effects, affective empathy, fear recognition, facial emotion recognition, social value orientation, prosocial behavior, sociality, emotional processing
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Oral, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Double-Blind Method, Empathy, Fear, Female, Hallucinogens, Humans, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Cross-Over Studies, Recognition, Psychology, Visual Analog Scale, Healthy Volunteers, Social Skills
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