Media Exposure, Extracurricular Activities, and Appearance-Related Comments as Predictors of Female Adolescents’ Self-Objectification
Open accessAbstract
Our study examined three potential predictors of self-objectification in female adolescents, namely media exposure, extracurricular activities, and appearance-related comments (both positive and negative). Participants were 1,087 female adolescents ranging in age from 12 to 16, who completed questionnaire measures of media exposure (television, magazines, Internet, and social networking), time spent on extracurricular activities, positive and negative appearance-related comments, self-objectification, self-surveillance, body shame, and disordered eating. Tests of the hypothesized path model revealed that self-reported exposure to magazines and social networking sites each independently was associated positively with self-objectification. In addition, positive appearance-related comments were shown to be associated positively with self-objectification. On the other hand, time spent on extracurricular activities was not related to self-objectification. The results offer support for the role of media exposure and appearance-related comments in the development of self-objectification in female adolescents. In particular, the results suggest that positive appearance-related comments (compliments) may be just as, or even more, likely to give rise to self-objectification as negative appearance-related comments. The findings suggest practical strategies for the potential protection of the development of self-objectification and its deleterious consequences.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Positive comments may also be associated with increased self-objectification, as shown in a study of Australian adolescent girls, and with increased appearance-related social media consciousness, as found in a study of U.S. college students.
“Positive comments may also be associated with increased self-objectification, as shown in a study of Australian adolescent girls (Slater & Tiggemann, 2015), and with increased appearance-related SM consciousness (ASMC), as found in a study of U.S. college students (Burnell et al., 2021).”
From The Perfect Storm: A Developmental-Sociocultural Framework for the Role of Social Media in Adolescent Girls' Body Image Concerns and Mental Health. (2022) · cites this paper as Slater & Tiggemann, 2015
Facebook involvement and exposure predict body surveillance, which in turn predicts greater body shame.
“On the contrary, only a few studies have focused on OBC body shame and they have found that Facebook involvement and exposure predict body surveillance, which in turn predicts greater body shame (Manago et al., 2015; Slater & Tiggemann, 2015; Tiggemann & Slater, 2013, 2015).”
From Adolescents’ Body Shame and Social Networking Sites: The Mediating Effect of Body Image Control in Photos (2020) · cites this paper as Slater & Tiggemann, 2015
Cites
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705519909540118 · Cited by 108,788 · see citing works
Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling
Tabri, N., & Elliott, C. M. (2012) · Canadian Graduate Journal of Sociology and Criminology · doi:10.15353/cgjsc.v1i1.3787 · Cited by 39,065 · see citing works
Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey
Cole, T. J. (2000) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7244.1240 · Cited by 16,500 · see citing works
(2005) · Cited by 6,097 · see citing works
Objectification Theory: Toward Understanding Women's Lived Experiences and Mental Health Risks
Fredrickson, B. L., & Roberts, T.-A. (1997) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00108.x · Cited by 5,531 · see citing works
Generation M2: Media in the Lives of 8- to 18-Year-Olds
Foehr, U. G., Rideout, V. J., & Roberts, D. F. (2010) · Cited by 2,197 · see citing works
The Construction of the Self: A Developmental Perspective
Harter, S., & Leahy, R. L. (2001) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.15.4.383 · Cited by 2,005 · see citing works
The construction of the self: a developmental perspective
(1999) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.37-1226 · Cited by 1,846 · see citing works
Fredrickson, B. L., Roberts, T.-A., Noll, S. M., Quinn, D. M., & Twenge, J. M. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.1.269 · Cited by 1,129 · see citing works
Objectification Theory and Psychology of Women: A Decade of Advances and Future Directions
Moradi, B., & Huang, Y.-P. (2008) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2008.00452.x · Cited by 1,071 · cited 2× · see citing works
“The majority of the work has examined the role of self-objectification (and/or its corollary selfsurveillance) in disordered eating and has utilized samples of undergraduate women (for reviews, see Moradi, 2010; Moradi & Huang, 2008; Tiggemann, 2011).”
BackgroundAdvances in testing the statistical significance of mediation effects.
Mallinckrodt, B. S., Abraham, W. T., Wei, M., & Russell, D. W. (2006) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.53.3.372 · Cited by 1,010 · see citing works
A Mediational Model Linking Self-Objectification, Body Shame, and Disordered Eating
Noll, S. M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (1998) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1998.tb00181.x · Cited by 923 · see citing works
Body image across the life span in adult women: The role of self-objectification.
Tiggemann, M., & Lynch, J. E. (2001) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.37.2.243 · Cited by 777 · see citing works
Self-citationWeight-teasing among adolescents: correlations with weight status and disordered eating behaviors
Neumark‐Sztainer, D., Falkner, N. H., Story, M. T., Perry, C. L., HANNAN, P. J., & Mulert, S. (2002) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801853 · Cited by 745 · see citing works
Jones, D. C., Vigfusdottir, T. H., & Lee, Y. (2004) · Journal of Adolescent Research · doi:10.1177/0743558403258847 · Cited by 557 · see citing works
Levine, M. P., & Murnen, S. K. (2009) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2009.28.1.9 · Cited by 501 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Lindberg et al. (2006) demonstrated evidence of internal consistency (α = .”
BackgroundWeight bias: nature, consequences, and remedies
(2006) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.43-4971 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
Slater, A., & Tiggemann, M. (2010) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.06.007 · Cited by 484 · see citing works
Self-citationDaubenmier, J. J. (2005) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2005.00183.x · Cited by 447 · see citing works
The Effect of Thin Ideal Media Images on Women’s Self-Objectification, Mood, and Body Image
Harper, B., & Tiggemann, M. (2007) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-007-9379-x · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Self-citationReport of the APA Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls
(2007) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e542142009-010 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Morry, M. M., & Staska, S. L. (2001) · Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement · doi:10.1037/h0087148 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Calogero, R. M. (2004) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2004.00118.x · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Prichard, I. J., & Tiggemann, M. (2007) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2007.10.005 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Self-citationBody Objectification and Depression in Adolescents: The Role of Gender, Shame, and Rumination
Grabe, S., Hyde, J. S., & Lindberg, S. M. (2007) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2007.00350.x · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Self-objectification in women: Causes, consequences, and counteractions.
Calogero, R. M., Tantleff-Dunn, S., & Thompson, J. K. (2010) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/12304-000 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Interpersonal Sexual Objectification Scale
Kozee, H. B., Tylka, T. L., Augustus-Horvath, C. L., & Denchik, A. (2007) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2007.00351.x · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Weight-teasing and emotional well-being in adolescents: Longitudinal findings from Project EAT
Eisenberg, M. E., Neumark‐Sztainer, D., Haines, J., & Wall, M. M. (2006) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.07.002 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
The Role of Self-Objectification in the Experience of Women with Eating Disorders
Calogero, R. M., Davis, W. N., & Thompson, J. K. (2005) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-005-1192-9 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Aubrey, J. S. (2006) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00024.x · Cited by 268 · see citing works
A Test of Objectification Theory in Former Dancers and Non-Dancers
Tiggemann, M., & Slater, A. (2001) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/1471-6402.00007 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Self-citationLindberg, S. M., Grabe, S., & Hyde, J. S. (2007) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2007.00544.x · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Body Objectification and “Fat Talk”: Effects on Emotion, Motivation, and Cognitive Performance
Gapinski, K. D., Brownell, K. D., & LaFrance, M. (2003) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1023/a:1023516209973 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
A Measure of Objectified Body Consciousness for Preadolescent and Adolescent Youth
Lindberg, S. M., Hyde, J. S., & McKinley, N. M. (2006) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2006.00263.x · Cited by 234 · see citing works
A Test of Objectification Theory in Adolescent Girls
Slater, A., & Tiggemann, M. (2002) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1023/a:1020232714705 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Self-citationSchoemaker, C., van Strien, T., & van der Staak, C. (1994) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.2260150409 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Calogero, R. M., Herbozo, S., & Thompson, J. K. (2009) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2008.01479.x · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Women's Sports Media, Self-Objectification, and Mental Health in Black and White Adolescent Females
Harrison, K., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2003) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2003.tb02587.x · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Minding the body: yoga, embodiment, and well-being.
Impett, E. A., Daubenmier, J. J., & Hirschman, A. L. (2006) · Sexuality Research and Social Policy · doi:10.1525/srsp.2006.3.4.39 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Moradi, B. (2010) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-010-9824-0 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
When What You See Is What You Get
Gervais, S. J., Vescio, T. K., & Allen, J. M. (2011) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0361684310386121 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
A Test of Objectification Theory with Lesbian Women
Kozee, H. B., & Tylka, T. L. (2006) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2006.00310.x · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Augustus-Horvath, C. L., & Tylka, T. L. (2009) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0014637 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Body Image and Disordered Eating in Adolescent Girls and Boys: A Test of Objectification Theory
Slater, A., & Tiggemann, M. (2010) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-010-9794-2 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Self-citationMenzel, J. E., & Levine, M. P. (2010) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/12304-008 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Prichard, I. J., & Tiggemann, M. (2005) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-005-4270-0 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Self-citationExamining Objectification Theory
Hill, M. S., & Fischer, A. R. (2007) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000007301669 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Tiggemann, M., & Boundy, M. (2008) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2008.00453.x · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Self-citationGrippo, K. P., & Hill, M. S. (2008) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2007.11.003 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Tiggemann, M. (2010) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/12304-007 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationBody Objectification, MTV, and Psychological Outcomes Among Female Adolescents1
Grabe, S., & Hyde, J. S. (2009) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2009.00552.x · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Objectified body consciousness in relation to recovery from an eating disorder
Fitzsimmons‐Craft, E. E., Bardone‐Cone, A. M., & Kelly, K. A. (2011) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2011.09.001 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Shaw, J. (1995) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2400030105 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Basow, S. A., Foran, K. A., & Bookwala, J. (2007) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2007.00388.x · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Objectification Theory: Of relevance for eating disorder researchers and clinicians?
Tiggemann, M. (2013) · Clinical Psychologist · doi:10.1111/cp.12010 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citation(2006) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2006.00324.x · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Peer sexual harassment and disordered eating in early adolescence.
Petersen, J. L., & Hyde, J. S. (2012) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0028247 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Slater, A., & Tiggemann, M. (2006) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105306065016 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationTiggemann, M., Verri, A., & Scaravaggi, S. (2005) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00207590444000311 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationSlater, A., & Tiggemann, M. (2012) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-012-0200-0 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of weight-related teasing in adults
Thompson, J. K., Herbozo, S., Himes, S. M., & Yamamiya, Y. (2005) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Garner (1983) · doi:10.1002/1098-108x(198321)2:2
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 64 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cohen, R., Fardouly, J., Newton-John, T., & Slater, A. (2019) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444819826530 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Self-citationMedia and sexualization: State of empirical research, 1995–2015
Ward, L. M. (2016) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2016.1142496 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Choukas-Bradley, S., Roberts, S. R., Maheux, A. J., & Nesi, J. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/ju92a · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Choukas-Bradley, S., Roberts, S. R., Maheux, A. J., & Nesi, J. (2022) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-022-00404-5 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Feltman, C. E., & Szymanski, D. M. (2017) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-017-0796-1 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Hanna, E., Ward, L. M., Seabrook, R. C., Jerald, M. C., Reed, L. A., Giaccardi, S., & Lippman, J. R. (2017) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2016.0247 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Media and the Development of Gender Role Stereotypes
Ward, L. M., & Grower, P. L. (2020) · Annual Review of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-devpsych-051120-010630 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Sexualizing Media Use and Self-Objectification
Karsay, K., Knoll, J., & Matthes, J. (2017) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0361684317743019 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Becoming an object: A review of self-objectification in girls
Daniels, E. A., Zurbriggen, E. L., & Ward, L. M. (2020) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.02.016 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Prichard, I. J., McLachlan, A. C., Lavis, T., & Tiggemann, M. (2017) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-017-0830-3 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Self-citation“You look great!”: The effect of viewing appearance-related Instagram comments on women’s body image
Tiggemann, M., & Barbato, I. (2018) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.08.009 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Self-citationFardouly, J., Diedrichs, P. C., Vartanian, L. R., & Halliwell, E. (2015) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0361684315581841 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Butkowski, C. P., Dixon, T. L., & Weeks, K. R. (2019) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-018-0993-6 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Shame and eating disorders symptoms: A meta‐analysis
Nechita, D., Bud, S., & David, D. O. (2021) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23583 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Camera-ready: Young women’s appearance-related social media consciousness.
Choukas-Bradley, S., Nesi, J., Widman, L., & Higgins, M. K. (2019) · Psychology of Popular Media Culture · doi:10.1037/ppm0000196 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Boursier, V., Gioia, F., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00147 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Boursier, V., Gioia, F., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100263 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
de Vaate, N. A. J. D. B., Veldhuis, J., Alleva, J. M., Konijn, E. A., & van Hugten, C. H. M. (2018) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2018.03.010 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Masculine norms, peer group, pornography, Facebook, and men’s sexual objectification of women.
Mikorski, R., & Szymanski, D. M. (2016) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/men0000058 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Gioia, F., Griffiths, M. D., & Boursier, V. (2020) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-020-01142-0 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Social media and eating disorder psychopathology: A systematic review
Padín, P. F., Rodríguez, R. G., Diego, C. V., & Vázquez-Pérez, R. (2021) · Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2021-3-6 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Ozimek, P., Lainas, S., Bierhoff, H., & Rohmann, E. (2023) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01143-0 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Vendemia, M. A., & DeAndrea, D. C. (2021) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.01.011 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Nature and consequences of positively-intended fat talk in daily life
Mills, J., & Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz, M. (2018) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.05.004 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Trekels, J., Ward, L. M., & Eggermont, S. (2018) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.12.020 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
What’s a coach to do? Exploring coaches’ perspectives of body image in girls sport
Sabiston, C. M., Lucibello, K. M., Kuzmochka-Wilks, D., Koulanova, A., Pila, E., Sandmeyer-Graves, A., & Maginn, D. (2020) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101669 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Contributions of Diverse Media to Self-Sexualization among Undergraduate Women and Men
Ward, L. M., Seabrook, R. C., Manago, A. M., & Reed, L. A. (2015) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-015-0548-z · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Maheux, A. J., Roberts, S. R., Nesi, J., Widman, L., & Choukas‐Bradley, S. (2022) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1002/jad.12009 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Herbozo, S., Stevens, S. D., Moldovan, C. P., & Morrell, H. E. R. (2017) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.01.008 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
The Relationship Between SNS Usage and Disordered Eating Behaviors: A Meta-Analysis
Zhang, J., Wang, Y., Li, Q., & Wu, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.641919 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Fardouly, J., Vartanian, L. R., Wang, X., & Lei, L. (2021) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1177/03616843211026273 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
A reflexive thematic analysis of #WhatIEatInADay on TikTok
Davis, H. A., Kells, M. R., Roske, C., Holzman, S. A., & Wildes, J. E. (2023) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101759 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Materialism Predicts Young Chinese Women’s Self-Objectification and Body Surveillance
Teng, F., You, J., Poon, K., Ye, Y., You, J., & Jiang, Y. (2016) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-016-0671-5 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Choma, B. L., & Prusaczyk, E. (2018) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0361684317747845 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Garcia, R. L., Earnshaw, V. A., & Quinn, D. M. (2015) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0361684315614966 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
The role of menstruation in women's objectification: a questionnaire study
Sveinsdóttir, H. (2016) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.13220 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Don’t Bother Your Pretty Little Head”
Kahalon, R., Shnabel, N., & Becker, J. C. (2018) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0361684318758596 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Maes, C., Schreurs, L., van Oosten, J. M. F., & Vandenbosch, L. (2019) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.10.005 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Revranche, M., Biscond, M., & Husky, M. M. (2021) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/j.encep.2021.08.006 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Fu, T., Wang, J., Xu, S., Yu, J., & Sun, G. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.887124 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Cowles, E., Guest, E., & Slater, A. (2023) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.12.004 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationExploring adolescent girls’ experiences of body talk in non‐aesthetic sport
Lucibello, K. M., Koulanova, A., Pila, E., Brunet, J., & Sabiston, C. M. (2021) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.04.003 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Impact of Extracurricular Activities on Academic Performance of Students at Secondary Level
Anjum, S. (2021) · International Journal of Applied Guidance and Counseling · doi:10.26486/ijagc.v2i2.1869 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Vendemia, M. A., & Fox, J. (2024) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101683 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Adolescent Sexting: The Roles of Self-Objectification and Internalization of Media Ideals
Speno, A. G., & Aubrey, J. S. (2018) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0361684318809383 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Body Image and Eating Disturbances in Children: The Role of Self-Objectification
Jongenelis, M. I., & Pettigrew, S. (2020) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0361684320923294 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Grower, P. L., Ward, L. M., & Rowley, S. J. (2020) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12598 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Semaan, R. W., Kocher, B., & Gould, S. (2018) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.21133 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Ruiz, M. J., Sáez, G., Villanueva‐Moya, L., & Expósito, F. (2021) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2020.0719 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Rousseau, A., & Eggermont, S. (2017) · Mass Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/15205436.2017.1341533 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Ur a freakin goddess!”: Examining appearance commentary on Instagram.
Burnell, K., George, M. J., Kurup, A. R., & Underwood, M. K. (2021) · Psychology of Popular Media · doi:10.1037/ppm0000341 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
You, S., Shin, K., & Kim, E. K. (2017) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-017-0866-6 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Aubrey, J. S., Speno, A. G., & Gamble, H. (2019) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2018.1564955 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Ward, L. M., Jerald, M. C., Grower, P., Daniels, E. A., & Rowley, S. (2023) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.06.015 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Naraindas, A. M., & Cooney, S. M. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1285216 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
An investigation of young girls’ responses to sexualized images
Jongenelis, M. I., Pettigrew, S., Byrne, S. M., & Biagioni, N. (2016) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.09.003 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Risky Behaviors: Integrating Adolescent Egocentrism with the Theory of Planned Behavior
Lin, P. S. (2016) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/gpr0000086 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Expanding Models Testing Media Contributions to Self-Sexualization
Grower, P. L., Ward, L. M., & Trekels, J. (2019) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/2158244019848905 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Wang, W., Zheng, X., Yue, X., & Zhong, N. (2020) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224545.2020.1842314 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Maheux, A. J., Laurenceau, J., Roberts, S. R., Nesi, J. L., Widman, L. M., & Choukas‐Bradley, S. (2024) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-024-01998-5 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The Indirect Effects of Thinspiration and Fitspiration Images on Young Women’s Sexual Attitudes
Chansiri, K., Wongphothiphan, T., & Shafer, A. (2020) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/0093650220952231 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Thøgersen‐Ntoumani, C., Litster, J., Casale, R. D., & Stenling, A. (2022) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.06.001 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Wang, H., Alivi, M. A., & Mustafa, S. E. (2025) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101895 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Xu, Y., & Zheng, L. (2022) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2022.107322 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Kvardová, N., Macháčková, H., & Güleç, H. (2023) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.101630 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Wang, Y.-H., Qiao, X., Wang, J., Wang, H., & Lei, L. (2022) · Child Psychiatry and Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-022-01478-6 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Trekels, J., & Eggermont, S. (2020) · Mass Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/15205436.2020.1817943 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Vangeel, L., Trekels, J., Eggermont, S., & Vandenbosch, L. (2020) · Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1077699020959723 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Cetinkaya, A. B., Metin, A., Erbiçer, E. S., & YAVUZ, E. (2022) · International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research · doi:10.24289/ijsser.1034318 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Ching, B. H., & Wu, H. X. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03061-7 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Chan, R. C. H., Wong, E. M. Y., & Suen, Y. T. (2024) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2024.108363 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Kvardová, N., Maes, C., & Vandenbosch, L. (2024) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2024.108471 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Female Adolescent Athletes’ Experiences of Body Dissatisfaction Across Individual and Team Sports
Deogracias-Schleich, A., Blom, L. C., Myers, K., Ægisdóttir, S., Coker-Cranney, A., Ausmus, J. C., & Walker, M. J. (2022) · Journal of Athlete Development and Experience · doi:10.25035/jade.04.03.04 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Mitra, B., Archer, D. E., Hurst, J., & Lycett, D. (2023) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-023-01861-0 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Using Focus Groups to Understand the Dynamics of Mothers and Daughters on Social Networking Sites
Santarossa, S., & Woodruff, S. J. (2020) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-020-01700-w · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Zhang, J., Cheng, L., Yang, Y., & Wang, X. (2024) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672241287817 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Gagné, A., Blackburn, M.-È., & Dion, J. (2023) · European Review of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.erap.2023.100889 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Hollett, R. C., Bhusal, M., Gilani, S. Z., Harms, C. A., & Griffiths, S. (2024) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101778 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Guo, Q., & Ming-xia, W. (2023) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-023-01433-2 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Tsang, W. Y. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-4346-8_20 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Naraindas, A. M., McInerney, A. M., Deschênes, S. S., & Cooney, S. M. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0323524 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Hurst, M., Banerjee, R. A., & Dittmar, H. (2024) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1177/03616843241262692 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Sáez, Á. L. M. (2006) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Role of Digital Media in Adolescents’ Body Image and Disordered Eating
Roberts, S. R., Maheux, A. J., Ladd, B. A., & Choukas‐Bradley, S. (2022) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108976237.014 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Jankauskienė, R., & Bacevičienė, M. (2022) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-022-01459-7 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Te’eni-Harari, T., & Eyal, K. (2017) · Philosophia · doi:10.1007/s11406-016-9806-8 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Vaquero‐Solís, M., Tapia‐Serrano, M. Á., Díaz, M. I. M., Herrero, D. C., & Miguel, P. A. S. (2021) · Cultura Ciencia y Deporte · doi:10.12800/ccd.v16i48.1724 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Ozimek, P., Lainas, S., Bierhoff, H., & Rohmann, E. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2349867/v1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Fortunato, L., Gullo, S., Muscolino, A., La Tona, A., Rodgers, R. F., & Lo Coco, G. (2026) · Adolescent Research Review · doi:10.1007/s40894-026-00285-7 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Åberg, E., Koivula, A., Kukkonen, I., Sarpila, O., & Pajunen, T. (2020) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-49576-3_2 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Thinner bodies are preferred in China compared to Britain but are not seen as healthier
Lei, X., & Perrett, D. I. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03803-7 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Tang, S., & Shao, J. (2026) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-026-10215-8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Hubungan antara Ketidakpuasan Bentuk Tubuh dengan Objektifikasi Diri pada Remaja Pengguna Instagram
Candra, I. A., & Novianty, A. (2022) · Jurnal Sains Psikologi · doi:10.17977/um023v11i12022p34-49 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“She's so pretty”: The development of valuing personal attractiveness among young children
Halim, M. L., Russo, L. N., Echave, K. N., Tawa, S., Sakamoto, D. J., & Portillo, M. A. (2024) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.14104 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Effects of Appearance Schemas and Commentary on Body Image and Eating Disorder Psychopathology
Hermé, A. C. (2016) · The Scholars Repository - LLU (Loma Linda University) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Zhu, R., Yan, H., & Huo, Z. (2024) · BiD: textos universitaris de biblioteconomia i documentació · doi:10.1344/bid2024.52.05 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
In-person and cyber sexual violence are common in young women who have eating disordered symptoms
Albertino, E., Martz, D. M., Wingrove, T., & Curtin, L. (2025) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640266.2025.2471210 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
YELSİZ, M., & Eke, E. (2025) · Pamukkale Üniversitesi İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi · doi:10.47097/piar.1694799 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zissu, B., Sher, H., & Slobodin, O. (2025) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-025-01317-8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Choi, S. Y. P., Yip, T. P. C., & Nakano, L. (2025) · Sexuality Research and Social Policy · doi:10.1007/s13178-025-01160-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Slater, A., & Tiggemann, M.
- Affiliations
- University of the West of England (GB)
- Flinders University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Slater, Amy
- Venue
- Psychology of Women Quarterly
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-10-14
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 375-389
- ISSN
- 0361-6843 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-6402
- OpenAlex
- W2144605313
- Cited by
- 138
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 8.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- eprints.uwe.ac.uk
- Locations
- Psychology of Women Quarterly (publishedVersion)
- Flinders Academic Commons (Flinders University) (submittedVersion)
- UWE Research Repository (UWE Bristol) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Keywords
- self-objectification, adolescent girls, media exposure, extracurricular activities, compliments, body image, body shame, disordered eating, self-surveillance, social networking sites, television, internet
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
