The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 56 of the 57 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
NASA Faked the Moon Landing—Therefore, (Climate) Science Is a Hoax: An Anatomy of the Motivated Rejection of Science
Abstract
Although nearly all domain experts agree that carbon dioxide emissions are altering the world’s climate, segments of the public remain unconvinced by the scientific evidence. Internet blogs have become a platform for denial of climate change, and bloggers have taken a prominent role in questioning climate science. We report a survey of climate-blog visitors to identify the variables underlying acceptance and rejection of climate science. Our findings parallel those of previous work and show that endorsement of free-market economics predicted rejection of climate science. Endorsement of free markets also predicted the rejection of other established scientific findings, such as the facts that HIV causes AIDS and that smoking causes lung cancer. We additionally show that, above and beyond endorsement of free markets, endorsement of a cluster of conspiracy theories (e.g., that the Federal Bureau of Investigation killed Martin Luther King, Jr.) predicted rejection of climate science as well as other scientific findings. Our results provide empirical support for previous suggestions that conspiratorial thinking contributes to the rejection of science. Acceptance of science, by contrast, was strongly associated with the perception of a consensus among scientists.
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In the citing paper
“A related property of conspiracy theories is that they can protect cherished beliefs (e.g., vaccination is harmful; climate change is not a serious concern) by casting overwhelmingly disconfirmatory evidence (e.g., scientific findings) as the product of a conspiracy (Lewandowsky, Oberauer, & Gignac, 2013).”
From The Psychology of Conspiracy Theories (2017) · cites this paper as Lewandowsky, Oberauer, & Gignac, 2013
In the citing paper
“because beliefs in conspiracy theories in general are associated with a mistrust of scientific claims [16]”
From The Effects of Anti-Vaccine Conspiracy Theories on Vaccination Intentions (2014) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“Among visitors to climate blogs, the tendency to endorse conspiracy theories has been shown to be correlated with the rejection of climate science as well as the rejection of other scientific propositions [27].”
From The Role of Conspiracist Ideation and Worldviews in Predicting Rejection of Science (2013) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“the data provide further evidence for the link between the rejection of science and a conspiratorial cognitive style in general”
From The Role of Conspiracist Ideation and Worldviews in Predicting Rejection of Science (2013) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“A further 3 items queried scientific propositions that were also used in previous research [27], [38].”
From The Role of Conspiracist Ideation and Worldviews in Predicting Rejection of Science (2013) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“the present study and related precedents [2]–[7], [18]–[21], [27] have identified worldviews and conspiracist ideation as two vehicles with which such motivated reasoning is exercised.”
From The Role of Conspiracist Ideation and Worldviews in Predicting Rejection of Science (2013) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“The potential predictor constructs were all based on established instruments that have been repeatedly used in previous research”
From The Role of Conspiracist Ideation and Worldviews in Predicting Rejection of Science (2013) · cites this paper as [27]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lewandowsky, S., Oberauer, K., & Gignac, G. E.
- Affiliations
- The University of Western Australia (AU)
- Venue
- Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2013-03-26
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 622-633
- ISSN
- 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9280
- OpenAlex
- W2148186201
- Semantic Scholar
- 3f3ad951efb5618f5b793f160714014645166e35
- Cited by
- 638
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 60 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 72 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 12
- FWCI
- 118.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
- Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Climate Change Communication and Perception
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Misinformation and Its Impacts
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Science and Science Education
- Keywords
- climate change denial, conspiracy theories, conspiracy beliefs, free market ideology, public acceptance of science, HIV/AIDS, smoking and lung cancer
- MeSH terms
- Denial, Psychological, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Fraud, Humans, Motivation, Surveys and Questionnaires, Science, Space Flight, United States, Moon, United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Climatic Processes, Blogging, Climate Change
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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