Testosterone inhibits trust but promotes reciprocity
Open accessAbstract
The steroid hormone testosterone has been associated with behavior intended to obtain or maintain high social status. Although such behavior is typically characterized as aggressive and competitive, it is clear that high social status is achieved and maintained not only through antisocial behavior but also through prosocial behavior. In the present experiment, we investigated the impact of testosterone administration on trust and reciprocity using a double-blind randomized control design. We found that a single dose of 0.5 mg of testosterone decreased trust but increased generosity when repaying trust. These findings suggest that testosterone may mediate different types of status-seeking behavior. It may increase competitive, potentially aggressive, and antisocial behavior when social challenges and threats (i.e., abuse of trust and betrayal) need to be considered; however, it may promote prosocial behavior in the absence of these threats, when high status and good reputation may be best served by prosocial behavior.
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Testosterone may increase competitive behavior when social challenges are high.
“Further, it has been shown that testosterone may increase competitive behavior when social challenges are high (Boksem et al., 2013).”
From Social functioning in major depressive disorder (2016) · cites this paper as Boksem et al., 2013
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Boksem, M. A. S., Mehta, P. H., Van den Bergh, B., van Son, V., Trautmann, S. T., Roelofs, K., Smidts, A., & Sanfey, A. G.
- Affiliations
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen
- Tilburg University (NL)
- Erasmus University Rotterdam (NL)
- Venue
- Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2013-09-26
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2306-2314
- ISSN
- 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9280
- OpenAlex
- W2133799399
- Cited by
- 191
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 55.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- pure.eur.nl
- Locations
- Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- Research portal (Tilburg University) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Erasmus Research Institute of Management
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Keywords
- testosterone, trust, reciprocity, social status, prosocial behavior, antisocial behavior, aggression, competitive behavior
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Saliva, Social Behavior, Testosterone, Trust, Young Adult
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