The "Challenge Hypothesis": Theoretical Implications for Patterns of Testosterone Secretion, Mating Systems, and Breeding Strategies
Abstract
A number of investigations in recent years have shown that seasonal profiles of testosterone (T) levels in the blood of male birds breeding under natural condi- tions are highly variable. As a result of the application of field endocrinology techniques (see Wingfield and Farner 1976), the temporal patterns of T secretion in free-living males are now known for over 20 species (from 6 orders and 14 families), representing three mating systems (monogamy, polygyny, and polyan- dry) and several breeding strategies. Results of these studies provide the impetus for an assessment of the potential relationships between T and breeding systems. The concepts emerging from their analysis can serve both as a framework for further investigation of the hormonal mechanisms underlying social behavior of vertebrates in general and as a guide for manipulating social systems to gain new insights into the ultimate cause of different mating strategies. The extent of these differences varies considerably among species (Wingfield 1984a; Wingfield et al. 1987) and raises a number of questions. Why is there so much variation in the temporal patterns of circulating T levels between captive and free-living populations and among species? Are there relationships between temporal patterns of T secretion and mating systems or the breeding strategies of individuals? What are the environmental and genetic determinants of these patterns and their functions? In this article we consider some theoretical approache…
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Testosterone is linked to aggression when high and to parental care when low.
“Testosterone is associated with both aggression and parental care (at higher vs. lower levels, respectively; van Anders, Goldey, & Kuo, 2011; Wingfield, Hegner, Dufty, & Ball, 1990).”
From Prospective and dyadic associations between expectant parents’ prenatal hormone changes and postpartum parenting outcomes (2017) · cites this paper as Wingfield, Hegner, Dufty, & Ball, 1990
Testosterone plays an important role in male physiology and behavior.
“testosterone plays an important role in male physiology and behavior (Mazur & Booth, 1998;Wingfield, hegner, Dufty, & Ball, 1990)”
From Salivary testosterone and cortisol response in acute stress modulated by seven sessions of mindfulness meditation in young males (2024) · cites this paper as Wingfield, hegner, Dufty, & Ball, 1990
Plasma glucocorticoid levels across vertebrates are higher in dominant animals during periods of particularly intense competitive interactions between dominant animals such as during high reproductive competition or food shortage.
“studies that have demonstrated that plasma glucocorticoid levels across vertebrates are higher in dominant animals during periods of particularly intense competitive interactions between dominant animals such as during high reproductive competition or food shortage [7,38–43].”
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Hormonal regulation of brain circuits mediating male sexual behavior in birds.
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Testosterone inhibits trust but promotes reciprocity
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- Authors
- Wingfield, J. C., Hegner, R. E., Dufty, & Ball, G. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Venue
- The American Naturalist
- Publisher
- University of Chicago Press
- Published
- 1990-12
- Volume
- 136
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 829-846
- ISSN
- 0003-0147 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-5323
- OpenAlex
- W2038202625
- Cited by
- 2,330
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 75 · 2021: 102 · 2020: 90 · 2019: 108 · 2018: 92 · 2017: 105 · 2016: 113 · 2015: 108 · 2014: 123 · 2013: 129 · 2012: 109
- FWCI
- 17.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The American Naturalist (publishedVersion)
- Scholar Works (Boise State University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Avian ecology and behavior
- Keywords
- challenge hypothesis, testosterone secretion, male birds, mating systems, breeding strategies, monogamy, polygyny, polyandry, social behavior, hormonal regulation of behavior
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