Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate in College Students With ADHD
Open accessAbstract
Objective: To evaluate stimulant medication on symptoms and functioning for college students with ADHD using double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Method: Participants included 24 college students with ADHD and 26 college students without psychopathology. Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) was examined for ADHD participants over five weekly phases (no-drug baseline, placebo, 30-, 50-, and 70-mg LDX per day). Self-report rating scales of functioning and direct assessment of ADHD symptoms, verbal learning/memory, and adverse side effects were collected (baseline only for control students). Results: LDX was associated with large reductions in ADHD symptoms and improvement in executive functioning along with smaller effects for psychosocial functioning. Reduction in ADHD symptoms was found for 86.4% of participants; however, large differences in symptoms and executive functioning remained relative to controls. Conclusion: LDX is a safe, efficacious treatment for symptom relief in college students with ADHD. Research documenting medication effects on academic functioning and evaluating psychosocial/educational interventions is needed.
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Other studies have observed self-reported EF changes resulting from stimulant medication use among college students with ADHD.
“Although no studies have used the BDEFS-SF-M, other studies (e.g., DuPaul et al., 2012) have observed self-reported EF changes resulting from stimulant medication use among college students with ADHD.”
From Effects of stimulant medication on neuropsychological functioning in college students without ADHD. (2026) · cites this paper as DuPaul et al., 2012
Specific aspects of executive functioning improved with LDX were BRI, MCI, GEC, including inhibition, initiation, working memory, planning and organizing, task management, and organization of materials.
“Specific aspects of executive functioning, which improved with LDX, were noted for BRI, MCI, GEC, including inhibition, initiation, working memory, planning and organizing, task management, and organization of materials.”
From Review of Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate in Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (2017) · cites this paper as [32]
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study in college students with ADHD, LDX relative to no medication baseline and placebo was associated with significant reductions in ADHD symptoms (CAARS) and improvement in executive functioning for nearly all BRIEF-A subscales (both P < .001), with similar effects for psychosocial functioning (SCL-90-R) (P < .02).
“LDX relative to no medication baseline and placebo was associated with significant reductions in ADHD symptoms as assessed via Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS) and improvement in executive functioning for nearly all BRIEF-A subscales (both, P < .001), with similar effects for psychosocial functioning, using the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R) (P < .02).”
From Review of Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate in Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (2017) · cites this paper as [32]
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in young adults with ADHD, compared with placebo, posttreatment with LDX improved reaction time across 5 surprise events, significantly reduced accidents, produced significantly faster reaction times (91% faster), and lower rate of simulated driving collisions.
“Compared with placebo, posttreatment with LDX revealed positive effect on reaction time across 5 surprise events and significantly fewer accidents.”
From Review of Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate in Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (2017) · cites this paper as [31]
LDX compared with placebo from baseline to study end point was associated with small but significant increases in pulse (mean change: 15.8, P < .001) and QTc interval (mean change: 9.7, P = .01), although no serious adverse events were reported.
“Likewise, LDX compared with placebo from baseline to study end point was associated with small but significant increases in pulse (mean change: 15.8, P < .001) and QTc interval (corrected QT interval) (mean change: 9.7, P = .01), although no serious adverse events were reported during the study period.31”
From Review of Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate in Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (2017) · cites this paper as [31]
Two trials used double-blind, crossover study designs.
“Two trials used double-blind, crossover study designs.18,20”
From Exploratory meta-analysis on lisdexamfetamine versus placebo in adult ADHD (2014) · cites this paper as [20]
Some randomized controlled trials of lisdexamfetamine demonstrated efficacy and tolerability compared with placebo in adult ADHD but had limited sample size.
“Although some randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of LDX demonstrated its efficacy and tolerability, compared with placebo, in the treatment of adult ADHD,16,18–21 they had a limited sample size.”
From Exploratory meta-analysis on lisdexamfetamine versus placebo in adult ADHD (2014) · cites this paper as [20]
Blinding of outcome assessment was reported in three trials.
“Additionally, allocation concealment was reported in two trials18,21 and blinding of outcome assessment was reported in three trials.16,20,21”
From Exploratory meta-analysis on lisdexamfetamine versus placebo in adult ADHD (2014) · cites this paper as [20]
In Dupaul et al open-label study of 24 college students with ADHD, even though an 86% improvement in ADHD symptoms was reported, along with improvement in executive functioning and small changes in psychosocial functioning, there remained a gap compared with control subjects.
“Even though an 86% improvement in ADHD symptoms was reported, along with improvement in executive functioning and small changes in psychosocial functioning, there remained a gap in comparison with control subjects.”
From Update on optimal use of lisdexamfetamine in the treatment of ADHD (2013) · cites this paper as [39]
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MethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationContribution of Rating Scales to Intervention for Executive Dysfunction
Isquith, P. Κ., Roth, R. M., Kenworthy, L. E., & Gioia, G. A. (2014) · Applied Neuropsychology Child · doi:10.1080/21622965.2013.870014 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Sedgwick-Müller, J. A., Müller-Sedgwick, U., Adamou, M., Catani, M., Champ, R., Gudjónsson, G., Hank, D., Pitts, M., Young, S., & Asherson, P. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-03898-z · Cited by 70 · see citing works
University students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a literature review
Sedgwick, J. (2017) · Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/ipm.2017.20 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Amphetamines for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults
Castells, X., Blanco-Silvente, L., & Cunill, R. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007813.pub3 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Gapin, J. I., Labban, J. D., Bohall, S. C., Wooten, J. S., & Chang, Y. K. (2015) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2014.11.003 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Anastopoulos, A. D., King, K. A., Besecker, L. H., O’Rourke, S. R., Bray, A. C., & Supple, A. J. (2018) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054717749932 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“In the only well-controlled stimulant medication trial focused specifically on college students (DuPaul et al., 2012), Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate successfully reduced ADHD symptoms and improved executive functioning.”
BackgroundNon-Medical Prescription Stimulant Use in Graduate Students
Verdi, G. R., Weyandt, L. L., & Zavras, B. M. (2014) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054714529816 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“Previous studies utilizing the IRS have demonstrated adequate test–retest reliability, construct validity, and concurrent validity of the IRS based on correlations with self-report instruments frequently used to assess ADHD in young adults (Weyandt, Hays, & Schepman, 2005; Weyandt et al., 2003).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationSolanto, M. V., & Scheres, A. (2020) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054720951865 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“Lisdexamfetamine reduced ADHD symptoms and executive dysfunction in a small randomized, placebo-controlled study (Dupaul et al., 2012); however, sizable differences in both domains persisted in those with ADHD compared to controls.”
BackgroundMunro, B. A., Weyandt, L. L., Marraccini, M. E., & Oster, D. R. (2016) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.08.023 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“Preliminary findings investigating EF in college students have revealed that individuals with EF deficits are more likely to have educational difficulties and take part in risky behavior, and that executive functions are substantially improved in students with ADHD when taking prescription stimulants (Dupaul et al., 2…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationNeurocognitive, Autonomic, and Mood Effects of Adderall: A Pilot Study of Healthy College Students
Weyandt, L. L., White, T. L., Gudmundsdottir, B. G., Nitenson, A. Z., Rathkey, E. S., De Leon, K. A., & Bjorn, S. A. (2018) · Pharmacy · doi:10.3390/pharmacy6030058 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in postsecondary students
Murkett, K., Smart, W., & Nugent, K. (2014) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s64136 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“and, with repeated high-dose use, chronic changes in cardiovascular functioning, increased heart rate and increased blood pressure.(76,87,88) Nevertheless, a large, retrospective”
BackgroundMethodPredictors and Moderators of Quality of Life Among College Students With ADHD
Pinho, T. D., Manz, P. H., DuPaul, G. J., Anastopoulos, A. D., & Weyandt, L. L. (2017) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054717734645 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“Finally, although medication for ADHD has been shown to lead to domain-specific improvements in QoL and academic gains (Coghill, 2010; DuPaul et al., 2012), the current study found that it was not associated with global improvements in perceived QoL.”
BackgroundSelf-citationLangberg, J. M., Dvorsky, M. R., Kipperman, K. L., Molitor, S. J., & Eddy, L. D. (2014) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000039 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“T hi s ar tic le is in te nd ed so le ly fo r th e pe rs on al us e of th e in di vi du al us er an d is no t to be di ss em in at ed br oa dl y. best-practice procedures, similar to those used in experimental medication studies (e.g., DuPaul et al., 2011).”
BackgroundMattingly, G. W., Wilson, J. A., Ugarte, L., & Glaser, P. E. A. (2020) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852919001822 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
College Readiness: Differences Between First-Year Undergraduates With and Without ADHD
Canu, W. H., Stevens, A. E., Ranson, L. M., Lefler, E. K., LaCount, P. A., Serrano, J. W., Willcutt, E. G., & Hartung, C. M. (2020) · Journal of Learning Disabilities · doi:10.1177/0022219420972693 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“…ADHD medication efficacy in older teens and college students are limited, but the available evidence suggests that stimulant medication can reduce ADHD symptoms and related executive dysfunction (e.g., DuPaul et al., 2012), which could facilitate the acquisition and use of college readiness skills.”
BackgroundBrief Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for College Students With ADHD: A Case Series Report
Eddy, L. D., Canu, W. H., Broman‐Fulks, J. J., & Michael, K. D. (2014) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2014.05.005 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Coaching for College Students with ADHD
Prevatt, F. F. (2016) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-016-0751-9 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Adler, L. A., Tanaka, Y., Williams, D. W., Trzepacz, P. T., Goto, T., Allen, A. J., Escobar, R., & Upadhyaya, H. P. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0000000000000138 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Exploratory meta-analysis on lisdexamfetamine versus placebo in adult ADHD
Maneeton, B., Maneeton, N., Suttajit, S., Reungyos, J., Srisurapanont, M., & Martin, S. (2014) · Drug Design, Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s68393 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“18,20 An intention-to-treat analysis was applied in two studies.”
InfluentialAn RCT of a CBT Intervention for Emerging Adults with ADHD Attending College: Functional Outcomes
Eddy, L. D., Anastopoulos, A. D., Dvorsky, M. R., Silvia, P. J., Labban, J. D., & Langberg, J. M. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2020.1867989 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Evidence suggests medication is also beneficial for treating ADHD in adults (Prince et al., 2015) and college students (DuPaul et al., 2012).”
Characteristics of ADHD in the Emerging Adult: an Overview
Abecassis, M., Isquith, P. Κ., & Roth, R. M. (2017) · Psychological Injury and Law · doi:10.1007/s12207-017-9293-7 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Prescription Stimulant Misuse and ADHD Symptomatology Among College Students in Iceland
Guðmundsdóttir, B. G. (2015) · doi:10.23860/diss-gudmundsdottir-bergljot-2015 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Academic Advising as an Intervention for College Students with ADHD.
D'Alessio, K. A., & Banerjee, M. (2016) · The Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Schneider, E., Martin, E., Rotshtein, P., Qureshi, K. L., Chamberlain, S. R., Spetter, M. S., Dourish, C. T., & Higgs, S. (2022) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01770-4 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“LDX has been reported to improve working memory performance in non-binge eating participants [38, 39], but the absence of an effect of LDX on performance on a working memory task does not support the suggestion that LDX brings about its therapeutic effects via improvements in working memory.”
BackgroundUpdate on optimal use of lisdexamfetamine in the treatment of ADHD
Madaan, V., Kolli, V., Bestha, D., & Shah, M. (2013) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s34092 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Group Therapy for Improving Self-Esteem and Social Functioning of College Students With ADHD
Shaikh, A. H. (2017) · Journal of College Student Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/87568225.2017.1388755 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“One empirical study with college students demonstrated benefits of stimulant medication with respect to ADHD symptoms and executive functioning, but not with respect to social functioning (DuPaul et al., 2012).”
BackgroundPharmacological treatment of adult ADHD
Bitter, I., Angyalosi, A., & Czobor, P. (2012) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e328356f87f · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Recognizing and Treating Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in College Students
Prevatt, F. F., & Young, J. (2014) · Journal of College Student Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/87568225.2014.914825 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“In addition, a significant relationship was identified between lisdexamfetamine dosage and Study and Organization Rating Skills Scale scores, suggesting that medication may have helped students improve their study habits and their chances for academic success (Dupaul et al., 2012).”
BackgroundReview of Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate in Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Najib, J., Wimer, D., Zeng, J., Lam, K. W., Romanyak, N., Paige Morgan, E., & Thadavila, A. (2017) · Journal of Central Nervous System Disease · doi:10.1177/1179573517728090 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
A systematic review of the utility of continuous performance tests among adults with ADHD
Varela, J. L., Magnante, A. T., Miskey, H. M., Ord, A. S., Eldridge, A. H., & Shura, R. D. (2024) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2024.2315740 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Brancati, G. E., Acierno, D., Barbuti, M., Elefante, C., Gemignani, S., Raia, A., & Perugi, G. (2023) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/14737175.2023.2263645 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“In the first study, 24 college students (ages 18–23) diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-IV-TR were treated over five weekly phases with no-drug (baseline), placebo, and LDX (30, 50, and 70 mg/day) [61].”
BackgroundResultSafety of Stimulants Across Patient Populations
Oliva, H. N. P., Prudente, T. P., Mayerson, T. F., Mignosa, M. M., Oliva, I. O., Potenza, M. N., Jegede, O. O., & Angarita, G. A. (2025) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.9492 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Psychosocial Interventions for College Students with ADHD: Current Status and Future Directions
Vasko, J. M., Oddo, L. E., Meinzer, M. C., Garner, A. M., & Chronis-Tuscano, A. M. (2020) · The ADHD Report · doi:10.1521/adhd.2020.28.4.5 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Introduction to Special Series on College Students With ADHD
Weyandt, L. L., & DuPaul, G. J. (2012) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054711427300 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“In fact, the last article in this special series (DuPaul et al., 2012) reports the results of the first controlled study of psychopharmacological treatment of ADHD in college students.”
BackgroundSelf-citationDevelopment of the Korean Practice Parameter for Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Bahn, G. H., Lee, Y. S., Yoo, H. K., Kim, E., Park, S., Han, D. H., Hong, M., Kim, B., Lee, S. I., Bhang, S., et al. (2019) · Journal of korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.5765/jkacap.190030 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Broletti, M. C., Efthymiou, C., Murray, A. L., McDougal, E., & Rhodes, S. (2023) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-023-06148-7 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Weyandt, L., DuPaul, G., Shepard, E., Labban, J., Francis, A. R., Beatty, A., & Anastopoulos, A. (2023) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-023-02660-0 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“These findings were unexpected given previous research that supported the effectiveness of prescription stimulants (e.g., lisdexamphetamine) in improving executive functioning (DuPaul et al., 2011).”
ResultSelf-citationSocial contextual risk factors for stimulant use among adolescent American Indians
Spillane, N. S., Weyandt, L., Oster, D. R., & Treloar, H. R. (2017) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.06.032 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“hyperactivity, as well as improving psychological, cognitive, and social functioning (Adler et al., 2013; Brams et al., 2011; Dupaul et al., 2012; Faraone et al., 2004).”
BackgroundSelf-citationRothenberger, A., & Rothenberger, L. G. (2012) · Current Treatment Options in Neurology · doi:10.1007/s11940-012-0197-2 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Aluri, J., Goodman, D., Antshel, K. M., & Mojtabai, R. (2023) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/10870547231178310 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“The only stimulant trial among college students that we could identify demonstrated improvements in ADHD symptoms and Executive Function (EF) with lisdexamfetamine (Dupaul et al., 2012).”
BackgroundRamsay, J. R., & Rostain, A. L. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139035491.030 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
ADHD in College Students - a Guide for Clinicians and Administrators
Winkler, A., Bohle-Frankel, B., White, L. A., Strauss, G. D., & Gottlieb, D. T. (2020) · Current Psychopharmacologye · doi:10.2174/2211556009999200616132427 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
van der Kolk, A., van Agthoven, M., Buitelaar, J. K., & Roijen, L. H. (2015) · Creative Education · doi:10.4236/ce.2015.62015 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Four studies were related to ADHD and pharmacological treatment, three were originated in USA, one in Spain (Miranda, Jarque, & Rosel, 2006; Evans et al., 2001; Dupaul et al., 2012; Advokat, Lane, & Luo, 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialAdverse Childhood Experiences and Prescription Stimulant Use in Adults: A Systematic Review
Beatty, A., Shepard, E., Bickford, E., & Weyandt, L. L. (2024) · Pharmacy · doi:10.3390/pharmacy12020052 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationFroehlich, T. E. (2017) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0000000000000513 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Of note, we must ask ourselves how much is truly known about the benefits of prescribing stimulants to college students, as research on ADHD medication efficacy in college students is extremely limited.(16,17) Although 1 randomized controlled trial in college students showed a link between stimulant medication treatme…”
BackgroundPrevalence and Correlates of ADHD in College Students: A Comparison of Diagnostic Methods
Green, A. L., & Rabiner, D. L. (2013) · Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology · doi:10.5539/jedp.v3n1p124 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“It is only recently that more extensive assessments to determine whether students meet full DSM-IV-TR criteria including age of onset, symptom duration, and impairment in multiple settings (APA, 2000) have been employed (Rooney, Chronis-Tuscano & Yoon, 2012; DuPaul et al., 2012).”
BackgroundReturn to Work in Mild Cognitive Disorders
Ettenhofer, M. L., Stavro, G. M., & Melrose, R. J. (2015) · Handbooks in health, work, and disability · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-7627-7_31 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Lindstrom, W. A., Nelson, J. M., & Foels, P. A. (2019) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.22316 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Warlick, H., Tocci, D. R., Prashar, S., Boldt, E. A., Khalil, A., Arora, S., Matthews, T., Wahid, T., Fernandez, R., Ram, D., et al. (2024) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-024-06686-7 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Substantial improvements in ADHD rating scales, Clinical Global Improvement scores, and executive function assessments across all doses of LDX (30–70 mg daily) have been reported (Biederman et al. 2012 ; DuPaul et al. 2012 ; Adler et al. 2013 ; Najib et al. 2017).”
Weyandt, L. L., & DuPaul, G. J. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5345-1_4 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationDrugs to Treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Müller-Sedgwick, U., & Sedgwick-Müller, J. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781911623465.015 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Facteurs associés aux atteintes fonctionnelles du TDAH chez les étudiants : une étude exploratoire
Lagacé-Leblanc, J., Massé, L., & Plourde, C. (2020) · Revue québécoise de psychologie · doi:10.7202/1070664ar · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Academic and Psychological Factors in Non-Medical Prescription Stimulant Use in Graduate Students
Verdi, G. (2013) · doi:10.23860/diss-verdi-genvieve-2013 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationGollier-Briant, F., Ollivier, L., Joalland, P.-H., Mouchabac, S., Leray, P., & Bonnot, O. (2024) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/44553 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Harris, S. (2017) · Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Weyandt, L. L., & DuPaul, G. J. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5345-1_6 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Effectiveness of Stimulant Medication at Improving Executive Functioning in Adults with ADHD
Weyandt, L. L., Sweeney, C., & Thompson, L. (2020) · The ADHD Report · doi:10.1521/adhd.2020.28.7.1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationA META-ANALYSIS OF PRESCRIPTION STIMULANT EFFICACY: ARE STIMULANTS NEUROCOGNITIVE ENHANCERS?
Marraccini, M. E. (2015) · doi:10.23860/diss-marraccini-marisa-2015 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Solanto, M. V., Rostain, A., O’Neill, S. C., Tate, M. A., Hernández, M., Kamareddine, Z., & Workman, A. R. C. (2026) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/10870547261457678 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Clinical Utility of Lisdexamfetamine for the Management of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Nguyen, M. L., Shapiro, M. A., & Tharani, S. (2012) · Clinical Medicine Insights Therapeutics · doi:10.4137/cmt.s8706 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Future Directions for Practice and Research
Weyandt, L. L., & DuPaul, G. J. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5345-1_7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationADHD in Adolescents (Middle and High School)
Weyandt, L. L., & DuPaul, G. J. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5345-1_2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationDepression in college students with ADHD
Bray, A. C. (2014) · NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
El Masri, S., Kowalczyk, O. S., Chiu, T. H., Criaud, M., Lukito, S., Mazibuko, N., Salazar de Pablo, G., Perez Rodriguez, V., Makos, O., Lam, S.-L., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1676472
Effects of stimulant medication on neuropsychological functioning in college students without ADHD.
Vasko, J. M., Looby, A., Serrano, J. W., Abu-Ramadan, T. M., Miller, E. A., McGee, N., Smith, D. T., & Hartung, C. M. (2026) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000853
A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Coaching Intervention for College Students with ADHD
Kininger, R. L. (2016) · The Scholarship East Carolina University's Institutional Repository (East Carolina University)
Factors Associated With Sustained Release Psychostimulant Prescriptions for Pediatric ADHD
McConeghy, R. (2016) · doi:10.23860/thesis-mcconeghy-robert-2016
“A few studies have shown treatment benefits in meaningful endpoints like academic success.(13,14,30) Relative to behavioral therapy, ADHD medication has been shown to be cost effective in symptom reduction and more cost-effective than behavior therapy alone.”
BackgroundADHD in Emerging Adults Attending College
Anastopoulos, A. D., Langberg, J. M., Besecker, L. H., & Eddy, L. D. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-33169-6_1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
ADHD bei jungen Erwachsenen, die ein College besuchen
Anastopoulos, A. D., Langberg, J. M., Besecker, L. H., & Eddy, L. D. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-29318-4_1
‘Sorry, I don’t give away my medication’: an examination of refusals to divert stimulant medication
Holt, L. J., Looby, A. R., & Schepis, T. S. (2025) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.1080/16066359.2025.2560899
“While these medications have been shown to improve executive functioning (e.g. DuPaul et al. 2012), there are risks associated with their use, including side effects (e.g. decreased appetite, insomnia), and prescription stimulant diversion (PSD), which involves giving away, selling, or trading…”
Girio-Herrera, E. L., & Asif, M. (2026) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/10870547261468105
- Authors
- DuPaul, G. J., Weyandt, L. L., Rossi, J. S., Vilardo, B. A., O’Dell, S. M., Carson, K. M., Verdi, G., & Swentosky, A.
- Affiliations
- Lehigh University (US)
- University of Rhode Island (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Attention Disorders
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2011-12-12
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 202-220
- ISSN
- 1087-0547 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-1246
- OpenAlex
- W2064086317
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 5.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Locations
- Journal of Attention Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Journal of Media Literacy Education (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, university students, stimulant medication, ADHD symptom reduction, executive function, psychosocial functioning, verbal learning and memory, drug safety, dose-response relationship
- MeSH terms
- Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate, Adolescent, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Dextroamphetamine, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Learning, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Students, Universities, Treatment Outcome, Cross-Over Studies, Young Adult, Executive Function
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