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Protein Intake and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
Introduction: The present study investigated the association between protein intake and cognitive function in older adults. Methods: We performed a literature search with no restriction on publication year in MEDLINE, SCOPUS, CINAHL, AgeLine from inception up to October 2020. Observational studies that investigated as a primary or secondary outcome the association of protein intake and cognitive function in older adults aged ⩾60 years were included. Results: Nine cross-sectional studies that investigated a total of 4929 older adults were included in the qualitative analysis. Overall cognitive function was examined in 6 studies. Four investigations reported null associations and 2 studies found that older adults with a high protein intake had higher global cognitive function than their counterparts. Results from the meta-analysis suggested that there were no significant associations between protein consumption and global cognitive function in older adults, regardless of gender. Three studies investigated other cognitive domains. Memory and protein intake were significantly and positively correlated in all studies. In addition, visuospatial, verbal fluency, processing speed, and sustained attention were positively associated with protein consumption in 1 study each. Conclusion: No significant associations between protein intake and global cognitive function were observed in neither qualitative nor quantitative analyses. The association between protein consumption with multiple other cognitive domains were also tested. As a whole, 3 studies reported a positive and significant association between high protein intake and memory, while 1 study observed a significant and positive association with visuospatial, verbal fluency, processing speed, and sustained attention.
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“Several meta-analyses reported a beneficial effect of adequate and high protein intakes in the elderly on physical performance and muscle strength [33], the prevention of sarcopenia [34] and frailty risk [19].”
From Protein Intake, Physical Performance and Body Composition in Master Athletes—A Short Scoping Review (2025) · cites this paper as [19]
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“Although there are reports summarizing the general dietary habits of master athletes [18] as well as the benefit of higher protein intakes than the current RDA for physical function in the general aging population [19], current literature does not provide sufficient evidence to develop dietary guidelines, specifically for the crucial nutrient protein for aging athletes.”
From Protein Intake, Physical Performance and Body Composition in Master Athletes—A Short Scoping Review (2025) · cites this paper as [19]
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Cited by
Sarcopenia and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: Targeting the Muscle–Brain Axis
Arosio, B., Calvani, R., Ferri, E., Coelho-Junior, H. J., Carandina, A., Campanelli, F., Ghiglieri, V., Marzetti, E., & Picca, A. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15081853 · Cited by 165
Self-citationProtein intake and physical function in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Coelho-Júnior, H. J., Calvani, R., Tosato, M., Landi, F., Picca, A., & Marzetti, E. (2022) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2022.101731 · Cited by 86
Self-citationProtein Intake, Physical Performance and Body Composition in Master Athletes—A Short Scoping Review
Franzke, B., Maierhofer, R., & Putz, P. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17030498 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Coelho-Júnior, H. J., Calvani, R., Landi, F., Picca, A., & Marzetti, E.
- Venue
- Nutrition and Metabolic Insights
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2021-01
- Volume
- 14
- ISSN
- 1178-6388
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 12
- Language
- en
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