A Foot in Both Worlds: Asian Americans' Perceptions of Asian, White, and Racially Ambiguous Faces
Open accessAbstract
Past research on racial perception has often focused on responses from White participants, making it difficult to determine the role of perceiver race in the perception of others. Similarly, studies examining perceptions of individuals whose racial category membership is unclear have not systematically examined responses from non-Whites. This was addressed by showing Asian participants pictures of Whites, Asians, and racially ambiguous White-Asian faces. Event-related potentials were recorded to measure early attention responses. Participants initially oriented more to outgroup White than ingroup Asian or racially ambiguous faces. Shortly after that, they showed sensitivity to the racial context in which the faces were presented, more deeply processing ingroup Asian and racially ambiguous faces when they were seeing lots of other Asians, but more deeply processing outgroup White and racially ambiguous faces when they were seeing lots of other Whites. Still later, responses were more sensitive to the objective physical properties of the faces, with racially ambiguous faces differentiated from both Whites and Asians. These results demonstrate the fluidity of racial processing, and when compared to responses obtained from White participants, show how perceiver race and racial context influences attention to racial cues.
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Asian participants attend to the most prominent ethnic group and not necessarily their own.
“Asian participants, for example, attend to the most prominent ethnic group (e.g., white) and not necessarily their own (Willadsen-Jensen & Ito, 2008).”
From Interplay of self-other distinction and cognitive control mechanisms in a social automatic imitation task: An ERP study (2021) · cites this paper as Willadsen-Jensen & Ito, 2008
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- Authors
- Willadsen-Jensen, E. C., & Ito, T. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ito, Tiffany A.
- Venue
- Group Processes & Intergroup Relations
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2008-04
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 182-200
- ISSN
- 1368-4302 (ISSN-L)
- 1461-7188
- OpenAlex
- W2025130642
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hal.science
- Locations
- Group Processes & Intergroup Relations (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Social Science Open Access Repository (GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences) (submittedVersion)
- Trinity's Access to Research Output (TARA) (Trinity College Dublin) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Keywords
- race perception, Asian Americans, racial context, face processing, attentional orienting, event-related potentials, racial classification, racial fluidity
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