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Role of Oral Microbiome Signatures in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Oral Cancer
Open accessAbstract
Despite advancement in cancer treatment, oral cancer has a poor prognosis and is often detected at late stage. To overcome these challenges, investigators should search for early diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. More than 700 bacterial species reside in the oral cavity. The oral microbiome population varies by saliva and different habitats of oral cavity. Tobacco, alcohol, and betel nut, which are causative factors of oral cancer, may alter the oral microbiome composition. Both pathogenic and commensal strains of bacteria have significantly contributed to oral cancer. Numerous bacterial species in the oral cavity are involved in chronic inflammation that lead to development of oral carcinogenesis. Bacterial products and its metabolic by-products may induce permanent genetic alterations in epithelial cells of the host that drive proliferation and/or survival of epithelial cells. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum induce production of inflammatory cytokines, cell proliferation, and inhibition of apoptosis, cellular invasion, and migration thorough host cell genomic alterations. Recent advancement in metagenomic technologies may be useful in identifying oral cancer–related microbiome, their genomes, virulence properties, and their interaction with host immunity. It is very important to address which bacterial species is responsible for driving oral carcinogenesis. Alteration in the oral commensal microbial communities have potential application as a diagnostic tool to predict oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clinicians should be aware that the protective properties of the resident microflora are beneficial to define treatment strategies. To develop highly precise and effective therapeutic approaches, identification of specific oral microbiomes may be required. In this review, we narrate the role of microbiome in the progression of oral cancer and its role as an early diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for oral cancer.
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“Additional changes throughout one's life, including to dietary habits, age, hygiene regimens, and behaviors (such as tobacco and alcohol use), also influence changes to the oral microbiome.132”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [132]
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“Changes in the proportions of these bacteria can cause oral micro-flora dysbiosis and are also associated with all systemic diseases, including cancer [5, 38, 40, 44–47].”
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“Previous studies have made efforts to characterize the oral microbiome in several populations (Kilian et al., 2016; Acharya et al., 2017; Sarkar et al., 2017; Xian et al., 2018; Chattopadhyay et al., 2019; Burcham et al., 2020; Rai et al., 2021).”
BackgroundHuman microbiomes in cancer development and therapy
Xia, C., Su, J., Liu, C., Mai, Z., Yin, S., Yang, C., & Fu, L. (2023) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.221 · Cited by 44
Molecular Mechanisms in the Carcinogenesis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Literature Review
Cabral, L. G. D. S., Martins, I. M., Paulo, E. P. D. A., Pomini, K. T., Poyet, J., & Maria, D. (2025) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom15050621 · Cited by 45
“Indeed, it is now well described that alterations in the composition and function of the oral microbiota, known as dysbiosis, can contribute to carcinogenesis through various mechanisms [43,44].”
Al‐Jamaei, A. A. H., van Dijk, B. A. C., Helder, M. N., Forouzanfar, T., Leemans, C. R., & de Visscher, J. G. A. M. (2021) · International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.ijom.2021.03.006 · Cited by 43
Characteristics of Microbial Distribution in Different Oral Niches of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Nie, F., Wang, L., Huang, Y., Yang, P., Gong, P., Feng, Q., & Yang, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.905653 · Cited by 45
“…and saccharolytic or aciduric species in comparison to non-tumorous paracancerous mucosal tissue (Hooper et al., 2007; Zhao et al., 2017), while the abundance of Streptococcus progressively decreased with the progression of OSCC (Chattopadhyay et al., 2019; Ganly et al., 2019).”
BackgroundEffects of Antibiotic Use on Saliva Antibody Content and Oral Microbiota in Sprague Dawley Rats
Cheng, X., He, F., Si, M., Sun, P., & Chen, Q. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.721691 · Cited by 42
“Oral disorders like as caries, periodontal disease, Pericoronitis, and jaw osteomyelitis are caused by an imbalance of the oral microbiota, which is also linked to cancers, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and cardiovascular disease, all of which have a substantial influence on human health (Chattopadhyay et al., 2019).”
BackgroundBang, E., Oh, S., Ju, U., Chang, H. E., Hong, J.-S., Baek, H.-J., Kim, K., Lee, H., & Park, K. U. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-37246-2 · Cited by 42
Zhao, X., Zhu, Y., Zhou, J., Gao, Y.-J., & Liu, F.-Z. (2020) · Oral Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.105088 · Cited by 31
Oral microbiome as a co-mediator of halitosis and periodontitis: a narrative review
Lee, Y., & Hong, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Oral Health · doi:10.3389/froh.2023.1229145 · Cited by 43
“periodontal pockets in periodontitis provide a stable habitat for the oral microbiota, which enhances hydrogen sulfide production (15).”
BackgroundNagakubo, D., & Kaibori, Y. (2023) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms11092307 · Cited by 70
“In the oral cavity, where oral cancers such as oral squamous cell carcinoma were present, varieties of bacterial groups [121–129], specific bacteria [36,130], and fungi [131] increased within the oral microbiota.”
BackgroundOral–Gut Microbiome Axis in Gastrointestinal Disease and Cancer
Park, S.-Y., Hwang, B.-O., Lim, M., Ok, S. H., Lee, S., Chun, K., Park, K.-K., Hu, Y., Chung, W., & Song, N. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13071748 · Cited by 44
Oral microbial dysbiosis in patients with oral cavity cancers
Ünlü, Ö., Demırci, M., Paksoy, T., Baygül, A., Tansuker, H. D., Dalmızrak, A., Aktan, Ç., Şenel, F., Sünter, A. V., Yiğit, Ö., et al. (2024) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-024-05770-8 · Cited by 38
The oral microbiome in alcohol use disorder: a longitudinal analysis during inpatient treatment
Barb, J. J., Maki, K. A., Kazmi, N., Meeks, B., Krumlauf, M., Tuason, R. T. S., Brooks, A., Ames, N., Goldman, D. A., & Wallen, G. R. (2021) · Journal of Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1080/20002297.2021.2004790 · Cited by 35
“Changes in the oral microbiome have been associated with periodontitis and oral cancer [19], but systemic diseases, including hypertension and obesity [20], also have links with the oral microbiome [21,22].”
BackgroundGugnacki, P., & Sierko, E. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13235902 · Cited by 39
The Role of the Western Diet and Oral Microbiota in Parkinson’s Disease
Zapała, B., Stefura, T., Milewicz, T., Wątor, J., Piwowar, M. W., Wójcik-Pędziwiatr, M., Doręgowska, M., Dudek, A., Jania, Z., & Rudzińska, M. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14020355 · Cited by 38
Singh, D., Khan, M. A., & Siddique, H. R. (2021) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120008 · Cited by 37
Salivary Microbiota Composition in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review
Mauceri, R., Coppini, M., Vacca, D., Bertolazzi, G., Panzarella, V., Fede, O. D., Tripodo, C., & Campisi, G. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14215441 · Cited by 35
“, Fusobacterium and Prevotella), stimulates the production of several cytokines, including interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) and IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) [19,48].”
BackgroundOral microbiota and periodontitis severity among Hispanic adults
Ortiz, A. P., Acosta-Pagán, K. T., Oramas-Sepúlveda, C., Castañeda‐Avila, M. A., Vilanova-Cuevas, B., Ramos‐Cartagena, J. M., Vivaldi, J., Pérez‐Santiago, J., Pérez, C. M., & Godoy‐Vitorino, F. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.965159 · Cited by 34
“Prevotella -a taxa dominant both in periodontitis and increasing with BOP severity, has been associated to inflammation sites (Chattopadhyay et al., 2019) and has been identified in oral cancer signatures (Rovery et al.”
BackgroundHerreros‐Pomares, A., Lloréns, C., Soriano, B., Zhang, F., Gallach, S., Bagán, L., Murillo, J., Lewintre, E. J., & Sebastián, J. V. B. (2021) · Oral Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105404 · Cited by 35
Variations in oral microbiome and its predictive functions between tumorous and healthy individuals
Yang, J., He, P., Zhou, M., Li, S., Zhang, J., Tao, X., Wang, A., & Wu, X. (2022) · Journal of Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1099/jmm.0.001568 · Cited by 34
Realizing the clinical utility of saliva for monitoring oral diseases
Ebersole, J. L., Hastürk, H., Huber, M. A., Gellibolian, R., Markaryan, A. N., Zhang, X. D., & Miller, C. S. (2024) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/prd.12581 · Cited by 35
The role played by bacterial infections in the onset and metastasis of cancer
Khatun, S., Appidi, T., & Rengan, A. K. (2021) · Current Research in Microbial Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100078 · Cited by 33
Fighting Cancer with Bacteria and Their Toxins
Trivanović, D., Pavelić, K., & Peršurić, Ž. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222312980 · Cited by 34
Can metagenomics unravel the impact of oral bacteriome in human diseases?
Chattopadhyay, I., Lu, W., Manikam, R., Malarvili, M. B., Ambati, R. R., & Gundamaraju, R. (2022) · Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews · doi:10.1080/02648725.2022.2102877 · Cited by 37
“(Chattopadhyay et al., 2019; Karpinski, 2019) Diabetes Capnocytophaga, Pseudomonas, Bergeyella, Sphingomonas, Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium, Neisseria Fusobacterium nucleatum, Eikenella corrodens, Veillonella parvula V. dispar Streptococcus Lactobacilli F. alocis, P. gingivalis, T. forsythia…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationRecent advances in stimuli responsive hydrogels for oral disease treatment
Wei, Y., Zheng, L., Xie, X., Yang, X., & Liao, J. (2024) · Materials & Design · doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2024.112817 · Cited by 32
Talapko, J., Erić, S., Meštrović, T., Mravak‐Stipetić, M., Juzbašić, M., Katalinić, D., Bekić, S., Muršić, D., Flam, J., Belić, D., et al. (2024) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers16172997 · Cited by 32
“In patients with oral lichen planus (OLP), the number of Porphyromonas and Solobacterium is higher, and the number of Haemophilus , Corynebacterium , Cellulosimicrobium and Campylobacter is lower than in the healthy population [61].”
BackgroundKwon, I.-J., Jung, T.-Y., Son, Y., Kim, B., Kim, S. M., & Lee, J.-H. (2022) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-022-02301-3 · Cited by 32
“[8] showed that detecting alterations in oral commensal microbial communities is a potential diagnostic tool for OSCC.”
BackgroundBurcher, K. M., Burcher, J. T., Inscore, L., Bloomer, C. H., Furdui, C. M., & Porosnicu, M. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14174116 · Cited by 34
Comparative analysis of immune infiltrates in head and neck cancers across anatomical sites
Muijlwijk, T., Nijenhuis, D., Ganzevles, S., Brink, A., Ke, C.-L., Fass, J. N., Rajamanickam, V., Leemans, C., Koguchi, Y., Fox, B. A., et al. (2024) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2023-007573 · Cited by 34
“27 Also, the distance to lymphoid structures, such as the Waldeyer ring, which is an arrangement of tonsils in the oropharynx, differs per site and might influence the TIME.”
BackgroundOral microbiome dysbiosis among cigarette smokers and smokeless tobacco users compared to non-users
Chattopadhyay, S., Malayil, L., Chopyk, J., Smyth, E. M., Kulkarni, P., Raspanti, G., Thomas, S. B., Sapkota, A., Mongodin, E. F., & Sapkota, A. R. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-60730-2 · Cited by 37
“…alters the oral microbiome 8,12,19,41,42 , and perturbations in the oral microbiome have been linked to multiple oral and non-oral diseases 73,74 , these altered microbiomes may well play a role in the development of carcinogenic and/or non-carcinogenic outcomes among tobacco users 4,63,75,76 .”
BackgroundKashyap, B., & Kullaa, A. M. (2024) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo14050277 · Cited by 34
“…development is complex, and it may include chronic in fl ammation, alteration in cell homeostasis, the release of harmful substances, and compromised host response [95]. chronic inflammation, alteration in cell homeostasis, the release of harmful substances, and compromised host response [95].”
BackgroundEl‐Bayoumy, K., Christensen, N. D., Hu, J., Viscidi, R. P., Stairs, D. B., Walter, V., Chen, K.-M., Sun, Y., Muscat, J. E., & Richie, J. P. (2020) · Cancer Prevention Research · doi:10.1158/1940-6207.capr-20-0096 · Cited by 31
The oral microbiome of children in health and disease—a literature review
AlHarbi, S. G., Almushayt, A. S., Bamashmous, S., Abujamel, T. S., & Bamashmous, N. O. (2024) · Frontiers in Oral Health · doi:10.3389/froh.2024.1477004 · Cited by 30
Comparative analysis of oral-gut microbiota between captive and wild long-tailed macaque in Thailand
Sawaswong, V., Praianantathavorn, K., Chanchaem, P., Khamwut, A., Kemthong, T., Hamada, Y., Malaivijitnond, S., & Payungporn, S. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-93779-4 · Cited by 33
Oral Microbiota and Tumor—A New Perspective of Tumor Pathogenesis
Li, S., He, M., Lei, Y., Liu, Y., Li, X., Xiang, X., Wu, Q., & Wang, Q. (2022) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms10112206 · Cited by 32
Association of Prevotella intermedia with oropharyngeal cancer: A patient-control study
Castañeda-Corzo, G. J., Infante-Rodríguez, L.-F., Poveda, J. C. V., Rojas, J. A. B., Cid-Arregui, Á., & Robayo, D. A. G. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14293 · Cited by 30
Constantin, M., Chifiriuc, M. C., Mihăescu, G., Vrâncianu, C. O., Dobre, E.-G., Cristian, R.-E., Bleoţu, C., Bertesteanu, S. V., Grigore, R., Şerban, B., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2023.1273516 · Cited by 29
“…(especially K. denitri fi cans ), Neisseria , Abiotrophia , and Capnocytophaga is associated with a reduced risk of laryngeal cancers and the increased abundance of Actinomyces (A. oris) , N. sicca and Veillonella denticariosi species with a reduced risk of pharyngeal and other HNCs (29, 74).”
BackgroundOral microbiota in aging and diseases
Ren, Y., Chen, M., Wang, Z., & Han, J. J. (2024) · Life Medicine · doi:10.1093/lifemedi/lnae024 · Cited by 35
Periodontal pathogens and cancer development
Zhou, Y., Meyle, J., & Groeger, S. E. (2024) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/prd.12590 · Cited by 29
“12,204 207 F. nuleatum also intensifies TNF-α production from GECs and macrophages, contributing to free radical generation during sepsis.”
Comparative analysis of the oral microbiome of burning mouth syndrome patients
Lee, B.-M., Park, J. W., Jo, J. H., Oh, B., & Chung, G. (2022) · Journal of Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1080/20002297.2022.2052632 · Cited by 31
Metadata
- Authors
- Chattopadhyay, I., Verma, M., & Panda, M.
- Affiliations
- Central University of Tamil Nadu (IN)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chattopadhyay, Indranil
- Venue
- Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2019-01-01
- Volume
- 18
- Pages
- 1533033819867354-1533033819867354
- ISSN
- 1533-0338 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-0346
- PMC
- PMC6676258
- OpenAlex
- W2965423269
- Cited by
- 407
- References
- 118
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 72 · 2024: 76 · 2023: 68 · 2022: 72 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 24
- FWCI
- 5.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › General Dentistry › Oral Health Pathology and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Otorhinolaryngology › Head and Neck Cancer Studies
- Keywords
- oral microbiota, oral cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, tumor markers, early diagnosis, prognosis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, oral carcinogenesis, chronic inflammation, alcohol and tobacco use, areca nut, commensal bacteria, metagenomics, host-microbe interactions
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Inflammation, Mouth Neoplasms, Prognosis, Saliva, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Cell Proliferation, Carcinogenesis, Microbiota
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