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The Power of Followers That do not Follow: Investigating the Effects of Follower Resistance, Leader Implicit Followership Theories and Leader Negative Affect on the Emergence of Destructive Leader Behavior
Open accessAbstract
This study focuses on follower resistance as a potential antecedent of destructive leader behavior and examines leader-related moderators and mediators to help explain the relationship between follower resistance and destructive leader behavior. Drawing from implicit followership theories, we propose that the relationship between follower resistance and destructive leader behavior is moderated by leaders’ Theory X schema. Furthermore, we build on affective events theory to hypothesize that follower resistance increases destructive leader behavior via leaders’ negative affect. We tested our hypotheses in a within-subjects online field experiment. Our study findings demonstrate that follower resistance increases destructive leader behavior and that this relationship is mediated through leaders’ negative affect and moderated by leaders’ Theory X schema. We discuss theoretical implications regarding the impact of (resistant) follower behavior on destructive leadership and offer methodological advances in terms of research design and analytical approaches to deal with endogeneity issues and derive causal inferences. Lastly, we derive practical implications for utilizing follower resistance.
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“research on destructive leadership has shown that followers ' personal characteristics and performance are related to leaders ' affect and destructive leadership behaviors (Gauglitz & Schyns, 2024; Güntner et al., 2021; Mackey, 2021; Shen et al., 2021; Tepper et al., 2011).”
From The evolution of leadership: Past insights, present trends, and future directions (2025) · cites this paper as Güntner et al., 2021
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“Over the years, research has acknowledged followers’ impact on the leadership process (e.g., Baker, 2007; Oc & Bashshur, 2013; Uhl-Bien et al., 2014), with few leadership scholars considering followers’ influence on the emergence of destructive leadership (e.”
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Sorted by citations
The evolution of leadership: Past insights, present trends, and future directions
Liden, R. C., Wang, X., & Wang, Y. (2025) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.115036 · Cited by 107
Metadata
- Authors
- Güntner, A. V., Klasmeier, K. N., Klonek, F. E., & Kauffeld, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (DE)
- Curtin University (AU)
- Technische Universität Braunschweig (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Güntner, Amelie V.
- Venue
- Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2021-05-12
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 349-365
- ISSN
- 1548-0518 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-7089
- OpenAlex
- W3161484632
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 2.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Locations
- Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Workplace Violence and Bullying
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Leadership and Management in Organizations
- Keywords
- implicit followership theories, affective events theory, destructive leadership, leader-follower interaction
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