Labels, Gender-Role Conflict, Stigma, and Attitudes Toward Seeking Psychological Help in Men

Wahto, Rachel; Swift, Joshua K.

doi:10.1177/1557988314561491

Cited by 56Mental Health Treatment and AccessGender Roles and Identity StudiesPsychology and Mental Health

Labels, Gender-Role Conflict, Stigma, and Attitudes Toward Seeking Psychological Help in Men

Wahto, Rachel, Swift, Joshua K.·2016·American Journal of Men's Health

DOI 10.1177/1557988314561491

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Despite a comparable need, research has indicated that on average men hold more negative attitudes toward psychological help seeking than women. Several researchers have suggested that the gender gap in service use and attitudes could be addressed through efforts to better market psychological services to men; however, a limited number of studies have tested this hypothesis. This study examined whether altering the labels for mental health providers (psychologist or counselor), settings (mental health clinic or counseling center), and treatments (problem or feeling focused) could result in less perceived stigma (social and self) by men. Participants, 165 male college students, were asked to read one of eight randomly assigned vignettes that described a man who was experiencing symptoms of depression and was considering seeking help. The vignettes differed in the labels that were used to describe the help that was being considered. Participants then completed measures assessing the stigma (self and social) associated with the treatment, and their preexisting experience of gender-role conflict and attitudes toward psychological help seeking. In summary, perceived stigma did not depend on the type of label that was used; however, 59% of the variance in attitudes was predicted by self-stigma (uniquely explaining 11%), gender-role conflict (uniquely explaining 10%), and social stigma (uniquely explaining 5%). Specifically, higher levels of gender-role conflict, social stigma, and self-stigma were associated with more negative attitudes toward psychological help seeking. Based on the demographics of the sample, these findings primarily have implications for Caucasian college-educated young adult men. Further limitations with the study and recommendations for future research are discussed.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/1557988314561491

Cites

38 of 38 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Up to 59% of the variance in mental health help-seeking attitudes among men can be explained by stigma and gender role conflict.
“up to 59% of the variance in mental health help-seeking attitudes among men can be explained by stigma and gender role conflict [8]”
From Silence is deadly: a cluster-randomised controlled trial of a mental health help-seeking intervention for young men (2017) · cites this paper as [8]

Hegemonic Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept
Connell, R. W., & Messerschmidt, J. W. (2005) · Gender & Society · doi:10.1177/0891243205278639 · Cited by 9,367 · see citing works
Constructions of masculinity and their influence on men's well-being: a theory of gender and health
Courtenay, W. H. (2000) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(99)00390-1 · Cited by 4,091 · see citing works
How stigma interferes with mental health care.
Corrigan, P. (2004) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.59.7.614 · Cited by 3,648 · see citing works
Men, masculinity, and the contexts of help seeking
Addis, M. E., & Mahalik, J. R. (2003) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.58.1.5 · Cited by 2,761 · see citing works
Journal of Individual Psychology
Meredith, C. W., & Evans, T. D. (1989) · Cited by 2,383 · see citing works
Men and health help‐seeking behaviour: literature review
Galdas, P. M., Cheater, F., & Marshall, P. (2005) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03331.x · Cited by 1,739 · see citing works
Measuring the self-stigma associated with seeking psychological help
Vogel, D. L., Wade, N. G., & Haake, S. (2006) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.53.3.325 · Cited by 1,190 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Self-stigma, one of the dependent variables of interest in this study, was measured with the Self-Stigma of Seeking Help Scale (Vogel et al., 2006).”
Method
Orientations to seeking professional help: development and research utility of an attitude scale
Fischer, E. H., & Turner, J. I. (1970) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0029636 · Cited by 973 · see citing works
Perceived public stigma and the willingness to seek counseling: The mediating roles of self-stigma and attitudes toward counseling.
Vogel, D. L., Wade, N. G., & Hackler, A. H. (2007) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.54.1.40 · Cited by 965 · see citing works
Age, gender, and the underutilization of mental health services: The influence of help-seeking attitudes
Mackenzie, C. S., Gekoski, W. L., & Knox, V. J. (2006) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607860600641200 · Cited by 878 · see citing works
Barriers to help-seeking by men: a review of sociocultural and clinical literature with particular reference to depression
Möller-Leimkühler, A. M. (2002) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(01)00379-2 · Cited by 851 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Given the research that suggests that some men may avoid psychological help seeking because it is seen as a stigmatizing activity that is not associated with traditional concepts of masculinity (Courtenay, 2000; Johnson et al., 2012; Möller-Leimkühler, 2002; O’Brien et al., 2005; Oliffe & Phillips, 2008), the results…”
BackgroundResult
Gender-role conflict scale: College men's fear of femininity
O’Neil, J. M., Helms, B. J., Gable, R., David, L., & Wrightsman, L. S. (1986) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/bf00287583 · Cited by 813 · see citing works
‘It's caveman stuff, but that is to a certain extent how guys still operate’: men's accounts of masculinity and help seeking
O’Brien, R., Hunt, K., & Hart, G. (2005) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.12.008 · Cited by 797 · see citing works
Emotional openness as a predictor of college students' attitudes toward seeking psychological help.
Komiya, N., Good, G. E., & Sherrod, N. B. (2000) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.47.1.138 · Cited by 766 · see citing works
Summarizing 25 Years of Research on Men's Gender Role Conflict Using the Gender Role Conflict Scale: New Research Paradigms and Clinical Implications
O'Neil, J. M. (2008) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000008317057 · Cited by 721 · see citing works
STIGMA: BARRIER TO MENTAL HEALTH CARE AMONG ETHNIC MINORITIES
GARY, F. A. (2005) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840500280638 · Cited by 615 · see citing works
“Boys don't cry”: Examination of the links between endorsement of masculine norms, self-stigma, and help-seeking attitudes for men from diverse backgrounds.
Vogel, D. L., Heimerdinger-Edwards, S. R., Hammer, J. H., & Hubbard, A. (2011) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0023688 · Cited by 551 · see citing works
To seek help or not to seek help: The risks of self-disclosure.
Vogel, D. L., & Wester, S. (2003) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.50.3.351 · Cited by 548 · see citing works
A Meta-analysis of Gender Differences in Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help
Nam, S. K., Chu, H. J., Lee, M. K., Lee, M., Kim, N., & Lee, S. M. (2010) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2010.483714 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
An Adaptation and Extension of the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale <sup>1</sup>
Mackenzie, C. S., Knox, V. J., Gekoski, W. L., & Macaulay, H. L. (2004) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb01984.x · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Male Gender Role Conflict, Depression, and Help Seeking: Do College Men Face Double Jeopardy?
Good, G. E., & Wood, P. K. (1995) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1995.tb01825.x · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Male gender role conflict and willingness to seek counseling: Testing a mediation model on college-aged men.
Pederson, E. L., & Vogel, D. L. (2007) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.54.4.373 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Men, depression and masculinities: a review and recommendations
Oliffe, J. L., & Phillips, M. J. (2008) · Journal of Men's Health · doi:10.1016/j.jomh.2008.03.016 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Men’s discourses of help‐seeking in the context of depression
Johnson, J. L., Oliffe, J. L., Kelly, M. T., Galdas, P., & Ogrodniczuk, J. S. (2012) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9566.2011.01372.x · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Overcoming the masculine mystique: Preferences for alternative forms of assistance among men who avoid counseling.
Robertson, J. M., & Fitzgerald, L. F. (1992) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.39.2.240 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Treating minority patients with depression and anxiety: What does the evidence tell us?
Schraufnagel, T. J., Wagner, A. W., Miranda, J., & Roy-Byrne, P. P. (2006) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2005.07.002 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Predicting Intentions to Seek Help from Professional Mental Health Services
Bayer, J. K., & Peay, M. Y. (1997) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/00048679709065072 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Psychological factors in college students' attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help: A meta-analysis.
Nam, S. K., Choi, S. I., Lee, M., Lee, M. K., Kim, A. R., & Lee, S. M. (2012) · Professional Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/a0029562 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Effects of gender and sex role orientation on help-seeking attitudes
Ang, R. P.-H., Lim, K. M., Tan, A.-G., & Yau, T. Y. (2004) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-004-1020-3 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Men’s Help Seeking for Depression: The Efficacy of a Male-Sensitive Brochure About Counseling
Hammer, J. H., & Vogel, D. L. (2010) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000009351937 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Psychiatric Symptoms and Help-Seeking Behavior Among the Elderly
Husaini, B. A., Moore, S. T., & Cain, V. A. (1994) · Journal of Gerontological Social Work · doi:10.1300/j083v21n03_12 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Help‐Seeking and Counseling Within a Traditional Male Gender Role: An Examination From a Multicultural Perspective
McCarthy, J. F., & Holliday, E. L. (2004) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/j.1556-6678.2004.tb00282.x · Cited by 110 · see citing works
College men's affective reactions to individual therapy, psychoeducational workshops, and men's support group brochures: The influence of gender-role conflict and power dynamics upon help-seeking attitudes.
Blazina, C., & Marks, L. I. (2001) · Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training · doi:10.1037/0033-3204.38.3.297 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Marketing mental health to men: Theoretical and practical considerations
Rochlen, A. B., & Hoyer, W. D. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20102 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
A preliminary examination of the "Real Men. Real Depression" campaign.
Rochlen, A. B., McKelley, R. A., & Pituch, K. A. (2006) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/1524-9220.7.1.1 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Beyond Ballistics
Wenger, L. M. (2011) · American Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1177/1557988311409022 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Conformity to masculine norms and preferences for therapy or executive coaching.
McKelley, R. A., & Rochlen, A. B. (2010) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/a0017224 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Race-Ethnicity as a Predictor of Attitudes Toward Mental Health Treatment Seeking
Shim, R. S., Compton, M., Rust, G. S., Druss, B. G., & Kaslow, N. J. (2009) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.60.10.1336 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Male suicide among construction workers in Australia: a qualitative analysis of the major stressors precipitating death
Milner, A., Maheen, H., Currier, D., & Lamontagne, A. (2017) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4500-8 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Male and LGBT survivors of sexual violence in conflict situations: a realist review of health interventions in low-and middle-income countries
Kiss, L., Quinlan-Davidson, M., Pasquero, L., Tejero, P. O., Hogg, C. L., Theis, J., PARK, A. W., Zimmerman, C., & Hossain, M. (2020) · Conflict and Health · doi:10.1186/s13031-020-0254-5 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Help seeking in men: When masculinity and self-compassion collide.
Wasylkiw, L., & Clairo, J. (2016) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/men0000086 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Attitudes and stigma toward seeking psychological help among Saudi Adults
Alluhaibi, B. A., & Awadalla, A. W. (2022) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-022-00923-4 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Variables Related to Academic Help‐Seeking Behaviour in Higher Education – Findings from a Multidisciplinary Perspective
Bornschlegl, M., Meldrum, K., & Caltabiano, N. J. (2020) · Review of Education · doi:10.1002/rev3.3196 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Site operatives’ attitudes towards traditional masculinity ideology in the Australian construction industry
George, M., & Loosemore, M. (2018) · Construction Management and Economics · doi:10.1080/01446193.2018.1535713 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Silence is Deadly: A controlled trial of a public health intervention to promote help‐seeking in adolescent males
Calear, A. L., Morse, A. R., Batterham, P. J., Forbes, O., & Banfield, M. (2021) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12703 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Silence is deadly: a cluster-randomised controlled trial of a mental health help-seeking intervention for young men
Calear, A. L., Banfield, M., Batterham, P. J., Morse, A. R., Forbes, O., Carron-Arthur, B., & Fisk, M. (2017) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4845-z · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The role of gender norm conformity in men’s psychological help-seeking and treatment engagement: a scoping review
Burns, L., OLIVE, L. S., Turner, A., Rice, S., Wrobel, A. L., Montgomery-Farrer, B., Norton, B., Seidler, Z. E., & Hayley, A. (2025) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2025.2512304 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Cross‐sectional analysis of veterinary student coping strategies and stigma in seeking psychological help
McArthur, M. L., Matthew, S. M., Brand, C., Andrews, J., Fawcett, A., & Hazel, S. J. (2019) · Veterinary Record · doi:10.1136/vr.105042 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
A qualitative exploration of how young men in the UK perceive and experience informal help-seeking for mental health difficulties
Burke, L., John, M., & Hanna, P. (2022) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106440 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Who’s Logging on? Differing Attitudes about Online Therapy
Knechtel, L. M., & Erickson, C. A. (2020) · Journal of Technology in Human Services · doi:10.1080/15228835.2020.1833810 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The stigma towards seeking help among university students: a cross-sectional study in Jordan
AlSamhori, A. F., AlSamhori, J. F., AlSamhori, A. R. F., Abuaun, J., Al‐Awamleh, N. A., Saleh, R., Hussein, A. M., Mahmoud, H. A., Banimustafa, R., & Qaswal, A. B. (2024) · Middle East Current Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s43045-024-00425-6 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The Big Five Personality Traits as Predictors of Loneliness among Older Men in Israel
Itzick, M., Kagan, M., & Zychlinski, E. (2019) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.2019.1653250 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Mental health services use among adults with or without mental disorders: Do development stages matter?
Huỳnh, C., Caron, J., & Fleury, M. (2016) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764016641906 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
(In)Vulnerable Masculinities and Human Trafficking: Men, Victimhood, and Access to Protection in the United Kingdom
Magugliani, N. (2022) · Journal of Human Rights Practice · doi:10.1093/jhuman/huac001 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Exploring student preferences for implementing a digital mental health intervention in a university setting: Qualitative study within a randomised controlled trial
Jackson, H. M., Gulliver, A., Hasking, P. A., Leach, L., Batterham, P. J., Calear, A. L., & Farrer, L. M. (2024) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076241277175 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Australian men's help-seeking intentions for anxiety symptoms: The impact of masculine norm conformity and gender role conflict
Ford, P. A., & Keane, C. A. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29114 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Using Metaphors to Facilitate Exploration of Emotional Content in Counseling With College Men
Genuchi, M. C., Hopper, B., & Morrison, C. R. (2016) · The Journal of Men s Studies · doi:10.1177/1060826516661187 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Investigating institutional abuse survivors’ help-seeking attitudes with the Inventory of Attitudes towards Seeking Mental Health Services
Kantor, V., Knefel, M., & Lueger‐Schuster, B. (2017) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2017.1377528 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Stigma and Help-Seeking Attitudes in Relation to Psychological Distress Among Medical Students in Saudi Arabia
Al‐Johani, W. M., Almansour, A., Albakr, D. M., Alghirash, D. Y., Alfadhli, A. N., Almutairi, R., Mobarki, O. A., Alqasim, S., AlShammari, M. A., & Wahab, M. M. A. (2025) · Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health · doi:10.2174/0117450179414477250905100917 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Men are not raised to share feelings” Exploring Male Patients’ Discourses on Participating in Group Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Christensen, A. B., Krohn, S., Høj, M., Poulsen, S., Reinholt, N., & Arnfred, S. (2022) · Journal of Men's Studies · doi:10.1177/10608265221077298 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Attitude towards seeking professional help for mental health among medical students In Karachi, Pakistan
Zafar, M., Zaidi, T. H., Zaidi, N. H., Ahmed, M. W. N., Memon, S. H., Ahmed, F., Siddiqui, A., Fatima, A., Shahid, A., Hussain, B., et al. (2024) · Future Science OA · doi:10.2144/fsoa-2023-0114 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Perceived barriers to mental health treatment among men enrolled in a responsible fatherhood program
Hayward, R. A., & Honegger, L. N. (2018) · Social Work in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/15332985.2018.1483464 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Greater within- and between-day instability is associated with worse anxiety and depression symptoms.
Nexha, A., Pilz, L., Oliveira, M. A. B., Xavier, N., Borges, R. B., Frey, B. N., & Hidalgo, M. P. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.014 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Awareness of and attitudes toward CBT, DBT, and ACT in an acute psychiatric sample
Kuckertz, J. M., Silverman, A. L., Bullis, J. R., Björgvinsson, Þ., & Beard, C. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22908 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Adolescents' Attitudes and Intention to Seek Psychological Help According to the Theory of Planned Behavior
Aras, E., & Peker, A. (2024) · Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry · doi:10.18863/pgy.1371163 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Sex differences in peer and parental risk factors for non-medical use of prescription opioids in youth
Osborne, V., Striley, C. W., Nixon, S. J., Winterstein, A. G., & Cottler, L. B. (2019) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.1080/00952990.2019.1671436 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-Reported Likelihood of Seeking Social Worker Help Among Older Men in Israel
Kagan, M., Itzick, M., Even‐Zohar, A., & Zychlinski, E. (2018) · American Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1177/1557988318801655 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self‐Reported Burden Among Informal Caregivers of Patients Receiving Psychiatric Hospital Treatment: A National Cross‐Sectional Study
Thygesen, M., Nielsen, B. K., Ellegaard, T., Nielsen, L. A., Hald, S. R., Eckardt, J. P., & Svendsen, M. L. (2025) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/inm.70150 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Help-Seeking Paradox: Gender and the Consequences of Using Career Reentry Assistance
Melin, J. L. (2023) · Social psychology quarterly · doi:10.1177/01902725231180804 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Relationship between marital satisfaction and defeat in IVF-ET: based on actor-partner interdependence model approach
Li, C., Fan, Y., Chen, D., Wu, Y., Huang, Y., & Liu, D. (2024) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2024.2387213 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
We need to talk: a qualitative inquiry into pathways to care for young men at ultra-high risk for psychosis
Åmlid, H. O., Carlsson, J., Bjørnestad, J., Joa, I., & Hegelstad, W. T. V. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1282432 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Effect of Gender Ideal Adherence on Carer Burden and Help-Seeking in Male Carers of People With Multiple Sclerosis
Appleton, D., Robertson, N., & Lesley, R. (2025) · International Journal of MS Care · doi:10.7224/1537-2073.2023-073 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
SELF AND OTHERS STIGMA, FACE-TO-FACE AND ONLINE ATTITUDE, AND INTENTIONS TO SEEK COUNSELING: A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL
Prim, L., Janaban, K. W., Rungduin, T. T., & Rungduin, D. (2023) · International Journal of Education Psychology and Counseling · doi:10.35631/ijepc.851026 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
E-mental health interventions for men: an urgent call for cohesive Australian policy and investment
Opozda, M. J., Drummond, M., Gupta, H., Petersen, J. M., & Smith, J. A. (2024) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/daae033 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Does Gender Role Conflict Moderate the Relationship Between Lifetime Adversity and HIV Stigma in a Community Sample of HIV-Seropositive Black Men?
Loeb, T. B., Jáuregui, J. C., Wyatt, G. E., Chin, D., Hamilton, A. B., Zhang, M., Holloway, I. W., & Patron, D. J. (2021) · Men and Masculinities · doi:10.1177/1097184x211017177 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A Proposal for Improving Student-Athletes’ Mental Health Through Leadership Training
Gregg, E. A., Ohlson, M. A., Dominguez, A. R., & Steele, S. (2024) · Sport Management Education Journal · doi:10.1123/smej.2023-0002 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Socioeconomic, health status and hospitalization aspects of adult patients referred to the social service of a tertiary hospital
Mimarakis, D., Providaki, E., & Kolokotroni, P. (2024) · Discover Health Systems · doi:10.1007/s44250-024-00159-6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Personal mental health treatment stigma, perceived caregiver and peer treatment stigma, and help-seeking behaviors among adolescents
Costello, M. A., Austin, L., Parnes, M. F., Conroy, K., Albright, M. G., Spurrell, W., Schwartz, S. E. O., & Schuster, R. M. (2026) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.108836 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Patriarchal Attitudes and Marital Adjustment of Korean Husbands with Foreign Wives: Testing the Mediating Effect of Acculturation
Kim, I. S., & Bae, H. (2019) · OMNES The Journal of Multicultural Society · doi:10.14431/omnes.2019.07.9.2.1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Promotion of men’s mental health
Kielan, A. J., Stradomska, M. W., Jaworski, M., Mosiołek, A., Chodkiewicz, J., Święcicki, Ł., & Walewska‐Zielecka, B. (2020) · Psychiatria · doi:10.5603/psych.2020.0035 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Perceived stigma and help seeking behavior among Indian Men
Aparna, M., & Vijayan, D. (2024) · World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews · doi:10.30574/wjarr.2024.22.1.1089 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
What Danish patients want: Gender, profession and age of therapist
Højgaard, A. D., & Laursen, B. S. (2017) · Sexologies · doi:10.1016/j.sexol.2017.04.003 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Disparities in psychological distress and access to mental health services among immigrants with rheumatologic disease
Amen, T. B., Chavez, T. J., Dee, E. C., Varady, N. H., Yao, J. S., Paguio, J. A., & Chen, A. F. (2022) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-022-06074-6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Professional Help-seeking Attitudes among Latter-day Saints:The Role of Gender, Distress, and Religiosity
Abegg, D. D. B. (2018)
Gender, Age and Social Stigma: The Coping strategy Choice on Mental Health and Attitudes Towards Help-seeking
Zhang, J. (2022) · Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research/Advances in social science, education and humanities research · doi:10.2991/assehr.k.220105.034
Understanding Who Is at Risk
Granello, D. H., Granello, P. F., & Juhnke, G. A. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190059842.003.0002
Korelasi Stigma dengan Lost To-Follow Up pada Orang Dengan HIV dan AIDS
Arisudhana, G. A. B., & Artati, L. P. N. (2022) · Journal Nursing Research Publication Media (NURSEPEDIA) · doi:10.55887/nrpm.v1i3.24 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Effects of Psychotherapeutic e-Mental Health Interventions on Male Depression and Anxiety: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Preprint)
Opozda, M. J., Oxlad, M., Turnbull, D. A., Gupta, H., Vincent, A. D., Ziesing, S., Nankivell, M. E., & Wittert, G. (2022) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/40854
Supporting First Responder and Veteran Men
Foley, J., & Ward, R. (2024) · Advances in medical diagnosis, treatment, and care (AMDTC) book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-1459-3.ch007
A Purposive Sampling-Based Narrative Literature Review of Understanding Men's Help-Seeking Behaviours in Selected Literature
Piketh, R. W., & Kometsi, K. (2025) · Journal of Mental Health and Social Behaviour · doi:10.33790/jmhsb1100198
A pilot study on the effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction combined with yoga on psychological well-being and self-related outcomes in university students
Terzioğlu, Z. A. (2026) · ROL Spor Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.70736/jrolss.2243
The effect of a psychoeducational video on university students’ professional psychological help-seeking attitudes and mental health stigma: The role of gender and gender roles
Karaman, U. R., Kantar, İ. K., & SEÇİLMİŞ, H. H. (2026) · Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi · doi:10.57127/kpd.26024438.1703596
Conformity to masculine norms and feminist consciousness as predictors of counselor professional identity
Rose, K. R., Crockett, S. A., Meixner, C., & Hiatt, K. (2026) · Journal of Counselor Leadership and Advocacy · doi:10.1080/2326716x.2026.2707939
Maskulinitas Tradisional dan Sikap Mencari Bantuan Profesional Layanan Kesehatan Mental pada Laki-laki Dewasa Awal: Peran Mediator Gender Role Conflict
Panjaitan, E. O. G., & Yudanagara, B. B. H. (2026) · Journal Psikogenesis · doi:10.24854/jps.v14i1.6091

Gender, Self-stigma, and Public Stigma in Predicting Attitudes toward Psychological Help-seeking
Topkaya, N. (2014) · Educational Sciences Theory & Practice · doi:10.12738/estp.2014.2.1799 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Counseling and Mental Health Stigma Among College Students: An Examination of Gender
Albright, M. (2024) · Digital Commons (Liberty University)
The gender gap in mental health service use
Pattyn, E., Verhaeghe, M., & Bracke, P. (2015) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-015-1038-x · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Where do I turn for help? Gender role conflict, self-stigma, and college men’s help-seeking for depression.
Cole, B. P., & Ingram, P. B. (2020) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/men0000245 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Gender, Age and Social Stigma: The Coping strategy Choice on Mental Health and Attitudes Towards Help-seeking
Zhang, J. (2022) · Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research/Advances in social science, education and humanities research · doi:10.2991/assehr.k.220105.034

Authors: Wahto, R., & Swift, J. K.
Affiliations: University of Alaska Anchorage (US)
Corresponding author: Swift, Joshua K.
ORCID: Swift, Joshua K.
Venue: American Journal of Men's Health
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2014-12-11
Volume: 10
Issue: 3
Pages: 181-191
ISSN: 1557-9883 (ISSN-L)
1557-9891
DOI: 10.1177/1557988314561491
OpenAlex: W1992977024
Cited by: 56
References: 38
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3
FWCI: 3.45
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: American Journal of Men s Health (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
Keywords: help-seeking attitudes, men, mental health stigma, self-stigma, social stigma, gender role conflict, mental health professionals, counseling centers, depression, university students
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Depression, Gender Identity, Humans, Male, Men, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Stereotyping, Social Stigma

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Labels, Gender-Role Conflict, Stigma, and Attitudes Toward Seeking Psychological Help in Men

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks