Cited by 121Psychosomatic Disorders and Their TreatmentsPain Management and Placebo EffectNoise Effects and Management

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Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance: A Comprehensive Model

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Van den Bergh, Omer, Brown, Richard J., Petersen, Sibylle, Witthöft, Michael·2017·Clinical Psychological Science

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Abstract

Idiopathic environmental intolerance refers to a group of poorly understood health conditions characterized by heterogeneous somatic symptoms that occur in response to environmental triggers, but for which no physiological causes can be found. We focus on three varieties, namely symptoms attributed to (a) chemical substances, (b) electromagnetic fields, and (c) infrasound and vibroacoustic sources. As no clear link with organ pathology or dysfunction has been established so far, we review critical evidence about alternative causal mechanisms as a platform for a novel unifying model of these conditions. There is consistent evidence that expectancy and nocebo mechanisms are critically involved. Using recent predictive coding models of brain functioning, we describe a comprehensive new model to explain how symptoms come about and become linked to specific environmental cues. This new model integrates phenomenally different pathologies, suggests testable new hypotheses, and specifies implications for treatment.

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Authors: Van den Bergh, O., Brown, R. J., Petersen, S., & Witthöft, M.
Affiliations: Health Psychology, University of Leuven, Belgium
Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
University of Luxembourg (LU)
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
ORCID: Brown, Richard J.
Petersen, Sibylle
Witthöft, Michael
Venue: Clinical Psychological Science
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2017-05
Volume: 5
Issue: 3
Pages: 551-567
ISSN: 2167-7026 (ISSN-L)
2167-7034
DOI: 10.1177/2167702617693327
OpenAlex: W2593754217
Cited by: 121
References: 127
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7
FWCI: 15.35
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
orbilu.uni.lu
Licence: other-oa
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Clinical Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Lirias (submittedVersion)
Funders: Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Pain Management and Placebo Effect
Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Acoustics and Ultrasonics › Noise Effects and Management
Keywords: multiple chemical sensitivity, electromagnetic hypersensitivity, infrasound, somatic symptoms, environmental triggers, expectancy, nocebo, predictive coding, causal mechanisms, therapeutic implications

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Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance: A Comprehensive Model

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