Physical distancing and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Factors associated with psychological symptoms and adherence to pandemic mitigation strategies
Open accessAbstract
In this epidemiological investigation, we assessed the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 10,061 adults participated in the study. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were 2 to 3 times higher compared with prepandemic samples. Participants who predominantly socially distanced themselves revealed substantially higher symptoms than their counterparts. Females, ethnic and sexual-orientation minorities, younger adults, unemployed individuals, and participants with a psychiatric diagnosis reported higher prevalence of psychological symptoms. Worry about prolonged duration of physical-distancing protocols and frustration of autonomy was associated with elevation in symptoms of depression and anxiety. Increased competence to deal with the pandemic crisis was associated with fewer adverse symptoms. Physical exercise, experiencing nature, and distraction with activities were associated with reduced depressive symptoms but not anxiety. The extent of information access about the pandemic was associated with reduced anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, adherence to mitigation protocols was investigated. Younger adults and males reported lowest adherence. Altruistic attitudes, in addition to mandatory as opposed to voluntary adherence, were associated with higher adherence rates. Worrying about the health of significant others was associated with higher adherence rates, whereas worry about duration of pandemic protocols was associated with lower adherence rates.
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Social distancing in remote work settings may be beneficial to employees on the spectrum who seek less intensive interpersonal communication, but may also inadvertently limit opportunities to learn from other coworkers.
“Similarly, while social distancing [37,38] in remote work settings may be beneficial to employees on the spectrum who seek less intensive interpersonal communication, they may also inadvertently limit opportunities to learn from other coworkers [17].”
From Remote work support needs of employees with autism spectrum disorder in Poland: perspectives of individuals with autism and their coworkers (2022) · cites this paper as [37]
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Decision-Making during the Pandemic: Compassion, Trust, and the Altruistic Paradox
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Satellite fans’ nostalgia buffers negative emotions and increases well-being and travel intention
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- Authors
- Ebrahimi, O. V., Hoffart, A., & Johnson, S. U.
- Affiliations
- University of Oslo (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Ebrahimi, Omid V.
- Venue
- Clinical Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2021-03-12
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 489-506
- ISSN
- 2167-7026 (ISSN-L)
- 2167-7034
- OpenAlex
- W3139482531
- Cited by
- 118
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 26
- FWCI
- 17.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Clinical Psychological Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- universitetet i oslo
- Modum Bad Psychiatric Hospital
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Communication › Communication and COVID-19 Impact
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing, depression, anxiety, psychological symptoms, altruism, autonomy frustration, physical activity, nature exposure, information seeking, minority groups, unemployment, psychiatric diagnosis
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