Cited by 1,233Cancer Immunotherapy and BiomarkersT-cell and B-cell ImmunologyImmunotherapy and Immune Responses

CTLA-4: a moving target in immunotherapy

Open access
Rowshanravan, Behzad, Halliday, Neil, Sansom, David M.·2018·Blood

Abstract

CD28 and CTLA-4 are members of a family of immunoglobulin-related receptors that are responsible for various aspects of T-cell immune regulation. The family includes CD28, CTLA-4, and ICOS as well as other proteins, including PD-1, BTLA, and TIGIT. These receptors have both stimulatory (CD28, ICOS) and inhibitory roles (CTLA-4, PD-1, BTLA, and TIGIT) in T-cell function. Increasingly, these pathways are targeted as part of immune modulatory strategies to treat cancers, referred to generically as immune checkpoint blockade, and conversely to treat autoimmunity and CTLA-4 deficiency. Here, we focus on the biology of the CD28/CTLA-4 pathway as a framework for understanding the impacts of therapeutic manipulation of this pathway.

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Crossref · 10.1182/blood-2017-06-741033

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  • Cancer immunotherapies based on antibodies or cells carry intrinsic risks of activating bystander immune responses beyond their intended anti-tumor action.

    “Antibody or cell-based immunotherapeutics for cancer carry inherent risks of bystander immune activation, in addition to the effects of treating the intended tumor target [1–5].”

    From Immune reconstitution and clinical recovery following anti-CD28 antibody (TGN1412)-induced cytokine storm (2021) · cites this paper as [2]

    In “Targeting the CTLA-4 pathway: lessons from the clinic” (page not provided), the paper reports autoimmune effects and immune-related adverse events alongside tumor control with anti-CTLA-4 antibodies. It does not establish the same risk for cell-based immunotherapies or for antibody-based cancer immunotherapies generally. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • CTLA-4 blockade did not produce substantial autoimmunity in preclinical models, unlike complete absence of CTLA-4.

    “CTLA-4 blockade did not demonstrate substantial autoimmunity (Leach et al., 1996; Rowshanravan et al., 2018).”

    From Hallmarks of response, resistance, and toxicity to immune checkpoint blockade (2021) · cites this paper as Rowshanravan et al., 2018

  • Immune checkpoint blockade in preclinical models did not cause overwhelming autoimmune pathology.

    “ICB treatment in pre-clinical models did not lead to overwhelming autoimmune pathology”

    From Hallmarks of response, resistance, and toxicity to immune checkpoint blockade (2021) · cites this paper as Rowshanravan et al., 2018

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Authors
Rowshanravan, B., Halliday, N., & Sansom, D. M.
Affiliations
The Royal Free Hospital (GB)
Venue
Blood
Published
2018-01-04
Volume
131
Issue
1
Pages
58-67
ISSN
  • 0006-4971 (ISSN-L)
  • 1528-0020
OpenAlex
W2767343890
Cited by
1,233
References
139
Citations by year
2026: 132 · 2025: 169 · 2024: 224 · 2023: 186 · 2022: 180 · 2021: 157 · 2020: 125 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 13
FWCI
5.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Blood (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Wellcome Trust
  • Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/M009203/1)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Keywords
CTLA-4, CD28, immune checkpoint blockade, T cell regulation, immunotherapy, cancer immunotherapy, autoimmunity, ICOS, PD-1, BTLA, TIGIT, inhibitory receptors
MeSH terms
Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humans, Immunotherapy, Neoplasms, CTLA-4 Antigen

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