Cited by 161Psychosomatic Disorders and Their TreatmentsRespiratory and Cough-Related ResearchAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

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The Nijmegen Questionnaire and dysfunctional breathing

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van Dixhoorn, Jan, Folgering, Hans·2015·ERJ Open Research

DOI 10.1183/23120541.00001-2015PMC PMC5005127

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Abstract

The Nijmegen Questionnaire was introduced over 30 years ago as a screening tool to detect patients with hyperventilation complaints that could benefit from breathing regulation through capnographic feedback [1]. It was validated against the Hyperventilation Provocation Test [2], on the assumption at the time that hypocapnia was causally related to complaints. In later studies, the correlation between Nijmegen Questionnaire scores and carbon dioxide tensions appeared highly variable. The diagnosis of hyperventilation syndrome (HVS) was questioned and slowly disappeared. Nevertheless, the Nijmegen Questionnaire has remained in use and we have noticed even a recent increase in studies in clinical medicine as well as requests for permission to use the Nijmegen Questionnaire in new studies. We would like to formally declare here that the Nijmegen Questionnaire is not copyrighted and is free to use. It has been or will be translated, as far as we know, into Greek, Farsi, Finnish, Norwegian, Swedish, Spanish, Filipino and Chinese. However, the validity of the Nijmegen Questionnaire is often a point of discussion and we would like to make a few comments on that issue [3]. The Nijmegen Questionnaire is useful to quantify and assess the normality of subjective sensations <http://ow.ly/MBJj1>

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FIGURE 1 Nijmegen Questionnaire (NQ) scores (mean±sd) of hyper- ventilation syndrome (HVS) and non-HVS subjects in two validation studies.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central

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Authors: van Dixhoorn, J., & Folgering, H.
Venue: ERJ Open Research
Publisher: European Respiratory Society (ERS)
Published: 2015-05
Volume: 1
Issue: 1
Pages: 00001-2015
ISSN: 2312-0541 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00001-2015
PMC: PMC5005127
OpenAlex: W2152691399
Cited by: 161
References: 22
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2
FWCI: 5.42
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc
Locations: ERJ Open Research (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Respiratory and Cough-Related Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: Nijmegen questionnaire, hyperventilation syndrome, dysfunctional breathing, screening tool, questionnaire validity, hypocapnia, carbon dioxide tension, respiratory control

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The Nijmegen Questionnaire and dysfunctional breathing

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