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Cited by 222Malaria Research and ControlPregnancy and preeclampsia studiesBird parasitology and diseases

Placental malaria. I. Pathological classification

BULMER, J.N., RASHEED, F.N., FRANCIS, N., MORRISON, L., GREENWOOD, B.M.·1993·Histopathology
DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2559.1993.tb00110.x
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Abstract

Pregnant women are more likely to contract malaria than their non‐pregnant counterparts. The aim of this study was to develop a simple classification system for the histopathological diagnosis of placental malaria infection applicable to placentas collected in field conditions. The placentas were classified into four groups depending on the presence and disribution of parasites and malaria pigment: active infection, active‐chronic infection, past‐chronic infection, not infected. The frequency of parasitized placentas (26.4%) was in keeping with the prevalence of placental parasitaemia documented in epidemiological studies. An additional 29.8% placentas showed pigment in fibrin only, indicating pastchronic infection. Chronic placental malaria infection was most common in primigravidae, possibly reflecting ineffective clearance of parasites from the placenta. Seasonal fluctuations between infection categories support progression of placental infection with delayed clearance of pigment from fibrin. The proposed classification system has allowed diagnosis of different categories of placental malaria infection by two independent observers. A stadardized method of diagnosis may enhance understanding of placental pathology and reduced birth weight in malaria infection during pregnancy.

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Crossref · 10.1111/j.1365-2559.1993.tb00110.x

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18 of 18 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Placental histology has been referred to as the gold standard for its ability to detect sequestered parasites when none are detected in the peripheral circulation.

    “Placental histology has been referred to as the ‘gold standard’ for its ability to detect sequestered parasites when none are detected in the peripheral circulation [55].”

    From Diagnosing malaria in pregnancy: An update (2012) · cites this paper as [55]

  • The most widely used classification scheme was developed by Bulmer in 1993 with acute, chronic and past infection categories, based on the presence of parasitized erythrocytes and/or hemozoin in fibrin.

    “The most widely used classification scheme was developed by Bulmer in 1993 [55] with acute, chronic and past infection categories, based on the presence of parasitized erythrocytes and/or hemozoin in fibrin.”

    From Diagnosing malaria in pregnancy: An update (2012) · cites this paper as [55]

  • Several studies have incorporated multiple reads, including reads by microscopists at different institutions.

    “Several studies have incorporated multiple reads [16,55,62,63,65,66] including reads by microscopists at different institutions [55,66].”

    From Diagnosing malaria in pregnancy: An update (2012) · cites this paper as [55]

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Authors
BULMER, J. N., RASHEED, F. N., FRANCIS, N., MORRISON, L., & GREENWOOD, B. M.
Affiliations
  • Newcastle University (GB)
  • Charing Cross Hospital (GB)
  • University of Leeds (GB)
  • Medical Research Council (GB)
Corresponding author
BULMER, J.N.
ORCID
Venue
Histopathology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1993-03
Volume
22
Issue
3
Pages
211-218
ISSN
  • 0309-0167 (ISSN-L)
  • 1365-2559
DOI
10.1111/j.1365-2559.1993.tb00110.x
OpenAlex
W1983320016
Cited by
222
References
18
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 8
FWCI
5.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 5146 d)
Locations
  • Histopathology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Rockefeller Foundation
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Malaria Research and Control
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Bird parasitology and diseases
Keywords
placental malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, histological classification, hemozoin, fibrin, chronic malaria infection, primigravida, seasonal variation, birth weight, malaria in pregnancy, placental pathology
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Africa, Western, Animals, Antibodies, Protozoan, Birth Weight, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Fibrin, Humans, Immunoglobulin G, Immunoglobulin M, Parity, Placenta, Placenta Diseases, Plasmodium falciparum, Pregnancy, Seasons, Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic, Incidence, Malaria, Falciparum

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