Validation of the German version of the insomnia severity index in adolescents, young adults and adult workers: results from three cross-sectional studies
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: A variety of objective and subjective methods exist to assess insomnia. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) was developed to provide a brief self-report instrument useful to assess people's perception of sleep complaints. The ISI was developed in English, and has been translated into several languages including German. Surprisingly, the psychometric properties of the German version have not been evaluated, although the ISI is often used with German-speaking populations. METHODS: The psychometric properties of the ISI are tested in three independent samples: 1475 adolescents, 862 university students, and 533 police and emergency response service officers. In all three studies, participants provide information about insomnia (ISI), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), and psychological functioning (diverse instruments). Descriptive statistics, gender differences, homogeneity and internal consistency, convergent validity, and factorial validity (including measurement invariance across genders) are examined in each sample. RESULTS: The findings show that the German version of the ISI has generally acceptable psychometric properties and sufficient concurrent validity. Confirmatory factor analyses show that a 1-factor solution achieves good model fit. Furthermore, measurement invariance across gender is supported in all three samples. CONCLUSIONS: While the ISI has been widely used in German-speaking countries, this study is the first to provide empirical evidence that the German version of this instrument has good psychometric properties and satisfactory convergent and factorial validity across various age groups and both men and women. Thus, the German version of the ISI can be recommended as a brief screening measure in German-speaking populations.
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The German version of the ISI was validated in three samples and shows satisfactory internal consistency (α=0.76 in adolescents, α=0.77 in young adults, α=0.81 in adult workers).
“The German version of the ISI was validated in three different samples and shows satisfactory internal consistency across all three (α=0.76 in adolescents, α=0.77 in young adults, α=0.81 in adult workers).79”
From Clinical and cost-effectiveness of a guided internet-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to improve chronic pain-related disability in green professions (PACT-A): Study protocol of a pragmatic randomised controlled trial (2020) · cites this paper as [79]
The Background and Conclusions describe validation of the German ISI across three age groups, and the Discussion reports that internal consistency was generally adequate across all three samples, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of at least .70 for both men and women. The passages retrieved from our copy do not establish the three specific sample-level values of .76, .77, and .81. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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- Authors
- Gerber, M., Lang, C., Lemola, S., Colledge, F., Kalak, N., Holsboer-Trachsler, E., Pühse, U., & Brand, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Basel (CH)
- University of Warwick (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Gerber, Markus
- Venue
- BMC Psychiatry
- Published
- 2016-05-31
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 174-174
- ISSN
- 1471-244X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4888604
- OpenAlex
- W2417740879
- Cited by
- 199
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 21.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- edoc (University of Basel) (submittedVersion)
- PUB – Publications at Bielefeld University (Bielefeld University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Freiwillige Akademische Gesellschaft
- Police Management of the Basel Police Force
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- Insomnia Severity Index, German translation, psychometric validation, insomnia, sleep quality, measurement invariance, gender differences, adolescents, young adults, police officers, emergency response workers, screening tool, self-report questionnaire
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index, Sleep, Translating, Reproducibility of Results, Young Adult, Self Report
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