Athens Insomnia Scale: Validation of an instrument based on ICD-10 criteria
Abstract
Objectives To describe and validate the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS).Methods The AIS is a self-assessment psychometric instrument designed for quantifying sleep difficulty based on the ICD-10 criteria. It consists of eight items: the first five pertain to sleep induction, awakenings during the night, final awakening, total sleep duration, and sleep quality; while the last three refer to well-being, functioning capacity, and sleepiness during the day. Either the entire eight-item scale (AIS-8) or the brief five-item version (AIS-5), which contains only the first five items, can be utilized. The validation of the AIS was based on its administration to 299 subjects: 105 primary insomniacs, 144 psychiatric patients and 50 non-patient controls.Results Regarding internal consistency, for both versions of the scale, the Cronbach's alpha was around 0. 90 and the mean item-total correlation coefficient was about 0.70. Moreover, in the factor analysis, the scale emerged as a sole component. The test-retest reliability correlation coefficient was found almost 0.90 at a 1-week interval. As far as external validity is concerned, the correlations of the AIS-8 and AIS-5 with the Sleep Problems Scale were 0.90 and 0.85, respectively.Conclusion The high measures of consistency, reliability, and validity of the AIS make it an invaluable tool in sleep research and clinical practice.
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Questionnaire measures of insomnia commonly include both nocturnal and daytime symptoms.
“For example, questionnaire measures of insomnia commonly include both nocturnal and daytime symptoms [54,55,61].”
From Co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA): Prevalence, consequences, methodological considerations, and recent randomized controlled trials (2019) · cites this paper as [55]
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Insomnia and its correlates in a representative sample of the Greek population
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- Authors
- Soldatos, C. R., Dikeos, D. G., & Paparrigopoulos, T. J.
- Affiliations
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
- Corresponding author
- Soldatos, Constantin R
- Venue
- Journal of Psychosomatic Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-06
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 555-560
- ISSN
- 0022-3999 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2021553431
- Cited by
- 1,754
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 196 · 2025: 187 · 2024: 194 · 2023: 184 · 2022: 155 · 2021: 174 · 2020: 110 · 2019: 89 · 2018: 69 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 5.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Psychosomatic Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- Athens Insomnia Scale, insomnia, sleep disorders, ICD-10 diagnostic criteria, self-report questionnaire, psychometric validation, sleep induction, nocturnal awakenings, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, psychiatric patients, short-form scale
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Mental Disorders, Female, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Middle Aged, Personality Inventory, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results, Comorbidity
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