Cited by 1,384Liver physiology and pathologyOrgan Transplantation Techniques and OutcomesTissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

Liver regeneration

Open access
Michalopoulos, George K.·2007·Journal of Cellular Physiology

Abstract

Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy is a very complex and well-orchestrated phenomenon. It is carried out by the participation of all mature liver cell types. The process is associated with signaling cascades involving growth factors, cytokines, matrix remodeling, and several feedbacks of stimulation and inhibition of growth related signals. Liver manages to restore any lost mass and adjust its size to that of the organism, while at the same time providing full support for body homeostasis during the entire regenerative process. In situations when hepatocytes or biliary cells are blocked from regeneration, these cell types can function as facultative stem cells for each other.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/jcp.21172

Cites

222 of 222 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • AREG and EREG activate EGFR signaling in hepatocytes, driving their proliferation, especially in liver zones 1 and 2.

    “These ligands activate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling in hepatocytes driving their proliferation, especially in liver zones 1 and 2[4,20].”

    From Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy: Triggers and mechanisms (2025) · cites this paper as [20]

    The “Ligands of EGFR” and “Mitogenic Signals Associated With Initiation of Liver Regeneration” sections identify amphiregulin (AREG) as an EGFR ligand and describe EGFR ligands as direct mitogens for hepatocytes in culture. They do not establish the claim for epiregulin (EREG) or show that these ligands drive proliferation especially in liver zones 1 and 2. The passages provide no page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • IL-6 plays a central role in restoring normal hepatic function following liver injury.

    “Additionally, IL-6 plays a central role in restoring normal hepatic function following liver injury [1], [2].”

    From Synthesis of IL-6 by Hepatocytes Is a Normal Response to Common Hepatic Stimuli (2014) · cites this paper as [1]

    The Interleukin 6 (IL6) section describes IL-6 as contributing to early liver regeneration and supporting the acute-phase response and biliary-tree integrity. It also says regeneration can be essentially normal in IL-6-deficient mice and cautions that IL-6 is not the initiator of regeneration. Thus, the source supports a contributory role, but not the claimed central role in restoring normal hepatic function after injury. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • The ability of the gut microbiome to remodel and persist in the face of insults such as antibiotic use is probably only matched in the host by the regenerative capacity of the liver.

    “The ability of the gut microbiome to remodel and persist in the face of insults such as antibiotic use is probably only matched in the host by the regenerative capacity of the liver (Michalopoulos, 2007) (Fig. 1, A and B).”

    From Gut reactions: Breaking down xenobiotic–microbiome interactions (2019) · cites this paper as Michalopoulos, 2007

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Authors
Michalopoulos, G. K.
Affiliations
University of Pittsburgh (US)
Corresponding author
Michalopoulos, George K.
Venue
Journal of Cellular Physiology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2007-06-08
Volume
213
Issue
2
Pages
286-300
ISSN
  • 0021-9541 (ISSN-L)
  • 1097-4652
OpenAlex
W4210995852
Cited by
1,384
References
225
Citations by year
2026: 32 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 78 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 81 · 2020: 81 · 2019: 82 · 2018: 88 · 2017: 77 · 2016: 89 · 2015: 90 · 2014: 84 · 2013: 84 · 2012: 72
FWCI
7.81
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Cellular Physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (2r01ca103958-06a1, UL1TR000005, CA 103958)
  • National Cancer Institute (R01CA035373, CA035373, R01-CA103958, CA103958)
  • National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Organ Transplantation Techniques and Outcomes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
Keywords
liver regeneration, partial hepatectomy, hepatocytes, growth factors, cytokines, extracellular matrix remodeling, signaling pathways, liver homeostasis
MeSH terms
Animals, Epithelial Cells, Hemodynamics, Hepatectomy, Humans, Liver, Liver Regeneration, Mitosis, Stem Cells, Signal Transduction, Interleukin-6, Hepatocytes, Transforming Growth Factor beta1

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