Highly stable organic photothermal agent based on near-infrared-II fluorophores for tumor treatment
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Abstract
Background: The aim to develop a highly stable near-infrared (NIR) photoinduced tumor therapy agent stems from its considerable potential for biological application. Due to its long wavelength, biological imaging exhibits a high signal-to-background ratio, deep tissue penetration and maximum permissible light power, which can minimize damage to an organism during photoinduced tumor therapy. Results: A class of stable NIR-II fluorophores ( NIR998, NIR1028, NIR980, NIR1030 , and NIR1028-S) based on aza–boron–dipyrromethene (aza-BODIPY) dyes with donor–acceptor-donor structures have been rationally designed and synthesized by harnessing the steric relaxation effect and intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer (IPET). These fluorophores exhibit an intense range of NIR-II emission, large Stokes shift (≥ 100 nm), excellent photothermal conversion performance, and superior stability against photobleaching. Among the NIR-II fluorophores, NIR998 possesses better NIR-II emission and photothermal conversion performance. NIR998 nanoparticles ( NIR998 NPs) can be encapsulated by liposomes. NIR998 NPs show superior stability in the presence of light, heat, and reactive oxygen nitrogen species than that of indocyanine green NPs , as well as a higher photothermal conversion ability (η = 50.5%) compared to other photothermal agents. Finally, under the guidance of photothermal imaging, NIR998 NPs have been proven to effectively eliminate tumors via their excellent photothermal conversion performance while presenting negligible cytotoxicity. Conclusions: Utilizing IPET and the steric relaxation effect can effectively induce NIR-II emission of aza-BODIPY dyes. Stable NIR998 NPs have excellent photothermal conversion performance and negligible dark cytotoxicity, so they have the potential to act as photothermal agents in biological applications.
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Shirinichi, F., Karkera, C., Ibrahim, T., Khan, H. M., Clemons, T. D., Senejani, A. G., & Sun, H. R. (2023) · Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.1002/macp.202300327 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Advances in Organic Aggregates for Biomedical Phototheranostics
Fu, B., Peng, Y., & Cai, T. (2026) · MedComm – Biomaterials and Applications · doi:10.1002/mba2.70077
- Authors
- Xu, Y., Wang, S., Chen, Z., Hu, R., Li, S., Zhao, Y., Liu, L., & Qu, J.
- Affiliations
- Shenzhen University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Liwei
- Venue
- Journal of Nanobiotechnology
- Published
- 2021-02-04
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 37-37
- ISSN
- 1477-3155 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7863535
- OpenAlex
- W3124254334
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 7
- FWCI
- 2.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Nanobiotechnology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (61935012/61525503/61620106016/61722508/61961136005/11904241)
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2018M643159)
- Project of Department of Education of Guangdong Province (2016KCXTD007)
- Shenzhen Science and Technology Funding (JCYJ20180305124902165)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies
- Keywords
- NIR-II fluorophores, photothermal agents, aza-BODIPY dyes, donor-acceptor-donor structure, intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer, photothermal conversion, photothermal imaging, liposome encapsulation, photobleaching resistance
- MeSH terms
- Theranostic Nanomedicine, Photothermal Therapy, Animals, Boron Compounds, Female, Fluorescent Dyes, Humans, Infrared Rays, Neoplasms, Thermography, Cell Line, Tumor, Mice, Nanoparticles
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