Prenatal and early-life diesel exhaust exposure causes autism-like behavioral changes in mice
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BACKGROUND: Escalating prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in recent decades has triggered increasing efforts in understanding roles played by environmental risk factors as a way to address this widespread public health concern. Several epidemiological studies show associations between developmental exposure to traffic-related air pollution and increased ASD risk. In rodent models, a limited number of studies have shown that developmental exposure to ambient ultrafine particulates or diesel exhaust (DE) can result in behavioral phenotypes consistent with mild ASD. We performed a series of experiments to determine whether developmental DE exposure induces ASD-related behaviors in mice. RESULTS: DE or filtered air (FA) as control. Mice exposed developmentally to DE exhibited deficits in all three of the hallmark categories of ASD behavior: reduced social interaction in the reciprocal interaction and social preference tests, increased repetitive behavior in the T-maze and marble-burying test, and reduced or altered communication as assessed by measuring isolation-induced ultrasonic vocalizations and responses to social odors. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that exposure to traffic-related air pollution, in particular that associated with diesel-fuel combustion, can cause ASD-related behavioral changes in mice, and raise concern about air pollution as a contributor to the onset of ASD in humans.
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In several prenatal mouse exposure models, DE concentrations have ranged from 90 to 300 μg/m3 PM2.5.
“In several prenatal mouse exposure models, DE concentrations have ranged from 90 to 300 μg/m3 PM2.5 [97–100].”
From Air pollution and children’s health—a review of adverse effects associated with prenatal exposure from fine to ultrafine particulate matter (2021) · cites this paper as [98]
The Methods (Diesel exhaust exposures; Animals and overall study design, page not provided) report prenatal and early-life mouse exposure to DE at 250–300 μg/m³ PM2.5, supporting the upper end of the stated range. This paper does not report a 90 μg/m³ exposure or establish that range across several prenatal mouse models. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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“[98] C57BL/ 6J mice Diesel exhaust 250-500 μg/m(3) Inhalation GD0 to PND21 Deficits in all three of the hallmark categories of ASD behavior: reduced social interaction, increased repetitive behavior; reduced or altered communication”
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- Authors
- Chang, Y.-C., Cole, T. B., & Costa, L. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- University of Parma (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Cole, Toby B.
- Venue
- Particle and Fibre Toxicology
- Published
- 2018-04-20
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 18-18
- ISSN
- 1743-8977 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5910592
- OpenAlex
- W2801078746
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 4.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Particle and Fibre Toxicology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES028273, R01ES022949, P30ES07033, P42ES04696)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U54HD083091)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, diesel exhaust, prenatal exposure, early life exposure, traffic-related air pollution, ultrafine particles, social interaction deficits, repetitive behavior, ultrasonic vocalizations, environmental risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Air Pollutants, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Autistic Disorder, Vehicle Emissions, Behavior, Animal, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Gestational Age, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Maze Learning, Inhalation Exposure
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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