Cited by 348Autism Spectrum Disorder ResearchTryptophan and brain disordersMaternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum

Maternal immune activation and autism spectrum disorder: From rodents to nonhuman and human primates

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Careaga, Milo, Murai, Takeshi, Bauman, Melissa D.·2017·Biological Psychiatry

Abstract

A subset of women who are exposed to infection during pregnancy have an increased risk of giving birth to a child who will later be diagnosed with a neurodevelopmental or neuropsychiatric disorder. Although epidemiology studies have primarily focused on the association between maternal infection and an increased risk of offspring schizophrenia, mounting evidence indicates that maternal infection may also increase the risk of autism spectrum disorder. A number of factors, including genetic susceptibility, the intensity and timing of the infection, and exposure to additional aversive postnatal events, may influence the extent to which maternal infection alters fetal brain development and which disease phenotype (autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, other neurodevelopmental disorders) is expressed. Preclinical animal models provide a test bed to systematically evaluate the effects of maternal infection on fetal brain development, determine the relevance to human central nervous system disorders, and to evaluate novel preventive and therapeutic strategies. Maternal immune activation models in mice, rats, and nonhuman primates suggest that the maternal immune response is the critical link between exposure to infection during pregnancy and subsequent changes in brain and behavioral development of offspring. However, differences in the type, severity, and timing of prenatal immune challenge paired with inconsistencies in behavioral phenotyping approaches have hindered the translation of preclinical results to human studies. Here we highlight the promises and limitations of the maternal immune activation model as a preclinical tool to study prenatal risk factors for autism spectrum disorder, and suggest specific changes to improve reproducibility and maximize translational potential.

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Authors
Careaga, M., Murai, T., & Bauman, M. D.
Affiliations
  • University of California, Davis (US)
  • Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma (Japan) (JP)
Corresponding author
Bauman, Melissa D.
Venue
Biological Psychiatry
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2017-03
Volume
81
Issue
5
Pages
391-401
ISSN
0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2534869317
Cited by
348
References
147
Citations by year
2026: 30 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 16
FWCI
3.36
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (P51OD011107)
  • University of California, Davis (T32MH073124, P50MH106438)
  • Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (U54-HD079125)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (K18MH105099, T32MH073124, P50MH106438)
  • National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U54HD079125, R21HD080498)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Keywords
maternal immune activation, autism spectrum disorder, prenatal infection, maternal infection, fetal brain development, schizophrenia, neurodevelopmental disorders, animal models, non-human primates, translational research, behavioral phenotyping, reproducibility
MeSH terms
Autism Spectrum Disorder, Animals, Brain, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Humans, Macaca mulatta, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Poly C, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Risk Factors, Mice, Rats

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