Immediate and long-term consequences of COVID-19 infections for the development of neurological disease
Open accessAbstract
Increasing evidence suggests that infection with Sars-CoV-2 causes neurological deficits in a substantial proportion of affected patients. While these symptoms arise acutely during the course of infection, less is known about the possible long-term consequences for the brain. Severely affected COVID-19 cases experience high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and acute respiratory dysfunction and often require assisted ventilation. All these factors have been suggested to cause cognitive decline. Pathogenetically, this may result from direct negative effects of the immune reaction, acceleration or aggravation of pre-existing cognitive deficits, or de novo induction of a neurodegenerative disease. This article summarizes the current understanding of neurological symptoms of COVID-19 and hypothesizes that affected patients may be at higher risk of developing cognitive decline after overcoming the primary COVID-19 infection. A structured prospective evaluation should analyze the likelihood, time course, and severity of cognitive impairment following the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Anti-inflammatory effects of guanfacine may be useful for treating long-term neural consequences of COVID-19.
“The anti-inflammatory effects of guanfacine may also be useful for treating the long-term neural consequences of COVID-19”
From Guanfacine’s mechanism of action in treating prefrontal cortical disorders: Successful translation across species (2020) · cites this paper as Heneka et al., 2020
The Main text (page unavailable) links systemic inflammation in COVID-19 to possible long-term cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. It does not mention guanfacine, establish its anti-inflammatory effects, or suggest that it could treat those consequences. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredA subset of COVID-19 patients report sustained mental problems.
“where a subset of patients report sustained mental problems (Heneka et al., 2020, Pinna et al., 2020)”
From Guanfacine’s mechanism of action in treating prefrontal cortical disorders: Successful translation across species (2020) · cites this paper as Heneka et al., 2020
The Main text reports evidence of cognitive impairment in one third of patients at discharge, supporting the claim that a subset had cognitive problems. But it describes long-term consequences as a risk requiring prospective study, not as sustained mental problems that patients had reported. No page numbers are provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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- Authors
- Heneka, M. T., Golenbock, D., Latz, E., Morgan, D., & Brown, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Bonn (DE)
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DE)
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
- Corresponding author
- Heneka, Michael T.
- Venue
- Alzheimer's Research & Therapy
- Published
- 2020-06-04
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 69-69
- ISSN
- 1758-9193 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7271826
- OpenAlex
- W3032981909
- Cited by
- 555
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 74 · 2023: 72 · 2022: 165 · 2021: 137 · 2020: 52 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 46.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Alzheimer s Research & Therapy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Network (American Medical Association) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- DZNE Pub (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG059752)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, neurological complications, cognitive decline, long-term effects, neuroinflammation, inflammatory cytokines, neurodegenerative diseases, post-COVID cognitive impairment, mechanical ventilation
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Animals, Brain, Humans, Pneumonia, Viral, Time Factors, Coronavirus Infections, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Pandemics
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