Effect of a single dose of citalopram on amygdala response to emotional faces
Open accessAbstract
Background: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are typically thought to have a delay of several weeks in the onset of their clinical effects. However, recent reports suggest they may have a much earlier therapeutic onset. A reduction in amygdala responsivity has been implicated in the therapeutic action of SSRIs. Aims: To investigate the effect of a single dose of an SSRI on the amygdala response to emotional faces. Method: Twenty-six healthy volunteers were randomised to receive a single oral dose of citalopram (20 mg) or placebo. Effects on the processing of facial expressions were assessed 3 h later using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Volunteers treated with citalopram displayed a significantly reduced amygdala response to fearful facial expressions compared with placebo. Conclusions: Such an immediate effect of an SSRI on amygdala responses to threat supports the idea that antidepressants have an earlier onset of therapeutically relevant effects than conventionally thought.
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Evidence following single-dose citalopram treatment on amygdala reactivity is mixed, with both increases and decreases reported.
“In reality, however, the evidence following single-dose treatment is rather mixed, and both increases in amygdala reactivity52 and decreases53 have been reported; see for example the recent review in ref 54 and metaanalysis in ref 55.”
From The effects of drugs on human models of emotional processing: an account of antidepressant drug treatment (2015) · cites this paper as [53]
Antidepressant medications reduce amygdala activation to threatening stimuli and increase visual association cortex response to positive stimuli.
“Direct experimental evidence indicates that antidepressant medications reduce amygdala activation to threatening stimuli and increase visual association cortex response to positive stimuli (16–21)”
From Lateral prefrontal cortex mediates the cognitive modification of attentional bias (2010) · cites this paper as [20]
Antidepressant drugs may alter attentional habit via an effect on early stimulus appraisal rather than on higher order control processes.
“suggesting that these drugs may alter attentional habit via an effect on early stimulus appraisal rather than on higher order control processes.”
From Lateral prefrontal cortex mediates the cognitive modification of attentional bias (2010) · cites this paper as [20]
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- Authors
- Murphy, S. E., Norbury, R., O'Sullivan, U., Cowen, P. J., & Harmer, C. J.
- Affiliations
- Warneford Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Murphy, Susannah E.
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2009-06
- Volume
- 194
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 535-540
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- PMC
- PMC2802527
- OpenAlex
- W2135286048
- Cited by
- 255
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 14.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- citalopram, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, amygdala, emotional facial expressions, facial expression processing, fear, antidepressant onset of action, threat processing
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Amygdala, Emotions, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Citalopram, Treatment Outcome, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation, Young Adult
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