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Cited by 327Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchBipolar Disorder and TreatmentTreatment of Major Depression

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Affective disorders and risk of developing dementia: systematic review

Open access
da Silva, Joaquim, Gonçalves-Pereira, Manuel, Xavier, Miguel, Mukaetova-Ladinska, Elizabeta B.·2013·British Journal of Psychiatry
DOI 10.1192/bjp.bp.111.101931
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Abstract

Background: Affective disorders are associated with cognitive disturbances but their role as risk factors for dementia is still not fully investigated. Aims: To evaluate the risk of developing dementia in individuals with a history of affective disorder. Method: We conducted a systematic review of case-control and cohort studies addressing the risk of developing dementia in people with affective disorders. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review that has included studies evaluating this risk specifically in people with bipolar disorder. Results: Fifty-one studies were included. Most of the studies found an increased risk for developing dementia in individuals with depression. Greater frequency and severity of depressive episodes seem to increase this risk. The evidence is contradictory regarding whether there is a difference in risk in people with early- or late-onset depression. The few available risk estimates for dementia in people with bipolar disorder suggest an even higher risk than for those with depression. Conclusions: Affective disorders appear to be associated with an increased risk of developing dementia, and one that is dependent on clinical and demographic variables. Depression may be both a prodrome and a risk factor for dementia. Future research should aim to elucidate the mechanisms that mediate these links.

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  • Early-life depression is a risk factor for later-life dementia.

    “Overall, there is accumulating evidence indicating two consensuses that early-life depression is a risk factor for later life dementia, and depression can be a symptom or consequence of dementia [5-8].”

    From Risk analysis of use of different classes of antidepressants on subsequent dementia: A nationwide cohort study in Taiwan (2017) · cites this paper as [5]

    The section on depression characteristics reports studies finding increased dementia risk after early-onset depression, including onset 25 years before dementia. But it also says findings are contradictory, and the Sources discussion explicitly says the review does not completely support the view that early-life depression is a consistent risk factor. The unqualified claim overstates the review's conclusion. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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  • Depression can be a symptom or consequence of dementia.

    “Overall, there is accumulating evidence indicating two consensuses that early-life depression is a risk factor for later life dementia, and depression can be a symptom or consequence of dementia [5-8].”

    From Risk analysis of use of different classes of antidepressants on subsequent dementia: A nationwide cohort study in Taiwan (2017) · cites this paper as [5]

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Metadata

Authors
da Silva, J., Gonçalves-Pereira, M., Xavier, M., & Mukaetova-Ladinska, E. B.
Affiliations
Universidade Nova de Lisboa (PT)
Corresponding author
da Silva, Joaquim
ORCID
Venue
British Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher
Royal College of Psychiatrists
Published
2013-03
Volume
202
Issue
3
Pages
177-186
ISSN
  • 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
  • 1472-1465
DOI
10.1192/bjp.bp.111.101931
OpenAlex
W2163408642
Cited by
327
References
7
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 8
FWCI
3.09
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 1768 d)
Locations
  • The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
Keywords
mood disorders, dementia risk, depression, bipolar disorder, cognitive disorders, depressive episodes, early-onset depression, late-onset depression, risk factors
MeSH terms
Bipolar Disorder, Dementia, Epidemiologic Methods, Humans, Age of Onset, Sex Distribution, Mood Disorders, Prodromal Symptoms

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