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Cited by 385Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchTreatment of Major DepressionCancer-related cognitive impairment studies

Recurrent depressive symptoms and the incidence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment

Open access
Dotson, Vonetta M., Beydoun, May A., Zonderman, Alan B.·2010·Neurology
DOI 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181e62124PMC PMC2906403
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: A history of depression has been linked to an increased dementia risk. This risk may be particularly high in recurrent depression due to repeated brain insult. We investigated whether there is a dose-dependent relationship between the number of episodes of elevated depressive symptoms (EDS) and the risk for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. METHODS: A total of 1,239 older adults from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging were followed for a median of 24.7 years. Diagnoses of MCI and dementia were made based on prospective data. Participants completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale at 1- to 2-year intervals and were considered to have an EDS if their score was > or = 16. Kaplan-Meier survival curves, log-rank test for trend for survivor functions, and Cox proportional hazards models were conducted to examine the risk of MCI and dementia by number of EDS. RESULTS: We observed a monotonic increase in risk for all-cause dementia and Alzheimer disease as a function of the number of EDS. Each episode was associated with a 14% increase in risk for all-cause dementia. Having 1 EDS conferred an 87%-92% increase in dementia risk, while having 2 or more episodes nearly doubled the risk. Recurrence of EDS did not increase the risk of incident MCI. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the hypothesis that depression is a risk factor for dementia and suggest that recurrent depression is particularly pernicious. Preventing the recurrence of depression in older adults may prevent or delay the onset of dementia.

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  • Depression is a predisposing factor for the development of incident dementia.

    “Recently, several important prospective studies have demonstrated that depression is a predisposing factor for the development of incident dementia (43–45).”

    From Serotonin signaling is associated with lower amyloid-β levels and plaques in transgenic mice and humans (2011) · cites this paper as [44]

    The Abstract reports that depressive episodes were associated with increased risk of incident dementia and says the findings support depression as a risk factor. The discussion passage labeled GLOSSARY qualifies that conclusion: depressive symptoms may instead be related to a common neurophysiologic substrate, so the paper does not establish depression as a predisposing factor as definitively as the citing sentence suggests. (LLM, conf=0.83)

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. [1]1. French J, Gronseth G. Lost in a jungle of evidence: we need a compass. Neurology 2008;71:1634-1638.
  2. [2]2. Gronseth G, French J. Practice parameters and technology assessments: what they are, what they are not, and why you should care. Neurology 2008;71:1639-1643.
  3. [3]3. Gross RA, Johnston KC. Levels of evidence: taking Neurolo gy ® to the next level. Neurology 2009;72:8-10.

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Authors
Dotson, V. M., Beydoun, M. A., & Zonderman, A. B.
Affiliations
National Institutes of Health (US)
ORCID
Venue
Neurology
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2010-07-06
Volume
75
Issue
1
Pages
27-34
ISSN
  • 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
  • 1526-632X
DOI
10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181e62124
PMC
PMC2906403
OpenAlex
W2062539816
Cited by
385
References
38
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 28
FWCI
18.37
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Neurology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute on Aging (P30AG028740)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
Keywords
recurrent depression, dementia risk, mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, older adults, dose-response relationship, depression recurrence, dementia prevention
MeSH terms
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Cognition Disorders, Dementia, Depression, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Incidence, Secondary Prevention

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