Cited by 362Cardiac Health and Mental HealthCardiovascular Health and Risk FactorsAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

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Anxiety and new onset of cardiovascular disease: critical review and meta-analysis

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Batelaan, Neeltje M., Seldenrijk, Adrie, Bot, Mariska, van Balkom, Anton J. L. M., Penninx, Brenda W. J. H.·2016·British Journal of Psychiatry

DOI 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.156554

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Anxiety has been associated with new-onset cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the quality of this relationship is unclear. Only if anxiety is a causal, independent cardiovascular risk factor might it be a target for CVD prevention. AIMS: To determine and examine the independent association and causality between anxiety and incident CVD. METHOD: PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases were searched up to October 2013. A review of Hill's criteria for causality and random effects meta-analysis were conducted of prospective, population-based studies examining anxiety and incident CVD in people free from CVD at baseline. RESULTS: The meta-analysis comprised 37 papers (n = 1 565 699). The follow-up ranged from 1 to 24 years. Anxiety was associated with a 52% increased incidence of CVD (hazard ratio = 1.52, 95% CI 1.36-1.71). The risk seemed independent of traditional risk factors and depression. The evaluation of Hill's criteria largely argued in favour of causality. CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety may be of interest for CVD prevention. Future research should examine biological and behavioural underpinnings of the association in order to identify targets for intervention.

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Authors: Batelaan, N. M., Seldenrijk, A., Bot, M., van Balkom, A. J. L. M., & Penninx, B. W. J. H.
Affiliations: Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
Corresponding author: Batelaan, Neeltje M.
ORCID: Batelaan, Neeltje M.
Bot, Mariska
Penninx, Brenda W. J. H.
Venue: British Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
Published: 2016-03
Volume: 208
Issue: 3
Pages: 223-231
ISSN: 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
1472-1465
DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.156554
OpenAlex: W2294500753
Cited by: 362
References: 116
Citations by year: 2026: 25 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 76 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 10
FWCI: 3.83
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 672 d)
Locations: The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (91811602)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: anxiety, cardiovascular disease, incident cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk factors, causality, Hill's criteria, depression, cardiovascular disease prevention, psychological risk factors
MeSH terms: Anxiety Disorders, Cardiovascular Diseases, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Risk Factors, Incidence

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Anxiety and new onset of cardiovascular disease: critical review and meta-analysis

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